World History

The Development of States & Empires More complexity and sophistication Better-armed/organized military forces Stronger bureaucratic Better record keeping mechanisms Key States & Empires brought these to wide-ranging territories Political Economic Social unity Many became classic civilizations Overreach led to many of their downfalls and declines Focus on Patterns in the way they governed themselves, projected power, and organized labor and resource in mentioned Empires The Persian Empires (Southwest Asia) Persians of present-day Iran Dominated the Middle East Built one of the largest empires in world history 1st Dynasty- Achaemenid (550-331 B.C.E) Quickly conquered by Lydians- invented metal coinage 600-500 B.C.E) Neo-Babylonians Egyptians Darius the Great- 3rd ruler

The Development and Interactions of Early Agricultural, Pastoral, and Urban Societies First civilizations (5,500-5,000 years ago) Civilizations should have An economic system A government A social system A moral or ethical belief system An intellectual tradition A high level of technology skill Core/Foundational civilizations and the first states (3500-2000BCE) Oldest civilizations on river systems in the Middle East, India, and China Mesopotamia Egypt Indus River Valley Shang China Olmec Chav?n *The first states & empires (states- expand by military conquest) origins are in these core/foundational civilizations* Mesopotamia (Greek- ?land between the waters?) Fertile Crescent- between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers Settlements (8000BCE) Large-scale agriculture (5000BCE)

Geography & the Peopling on Earth Geographic Orientation Antarctica- No native pop. Australia Oldest surviving ethnic group- Aborigines Very isolated for most of its history 1,000?s of islands in Pacific (Oceania)= Part of Australia Africa Birthplace of humanity Northern 1/3= Sahara Desert Asia Largest Most populated Most diverse mix of Climates Languages Cultures Subregions= Middle East Central Asia South Asia (Indian Subcontinent) Southeast Asia East Asia (Core= China, Korea, Japan) Europe Small continent Large population Resource-rich Mild & temperate climate Physically joined to Asia (Eurasia) The Arctic Ocean Smallest ocean Ice most of the year Difficult to navigate Location of the Northwest passage sought by European explorers Passage is unusable due to ice-bound conditions