Civilizations

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Cultural studies

Prehistoric Asia

Yinxu

Gu

Name: Ashley Thatcher Date: History | Graded Assignment | The Long-Answer Essay: Early Civilizations ? 2016 K12 Inc. All rights reserved. Page 1 of 2 Copying or distributing without K12?s written consent is prohibited. Graded Assignment The Long-Answer Essay: Early Civilizations Complete and submit this assignment by the due date to receive full credit. (Score: ___ of 45 points) Compare and contrast key characteristics of two early civilizations (choose from Mesopotamian, Shang, Indus Valley, Chavin, and Phoenician) in terms of three of the following: economy, political system, art and architecture, religion, technology, legacy.

The Americas notes

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Mexico City metropolitan area

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Teotihuacan

Toltec

Quetzalcoatl

Chavin

Aztecs

Moche culture

Olmecs 1400-400 BCE Giant heads Chavin 900-200 BCE Andean culture Chaco 850-1250 CE Modern day New Mexico Large buildings Limited agriculture Limited water control Mochica 200-700 CE No written language Near the ocean Peru Agriculture Raised animals Llamas Advanced urban planning Corn, beans, potatoes, squash, peanuts Economy and Trade Traded with other Moche communities Jewelry, ceramics Religion Polytheistic Ceremonial centers Temples for the sun and moon Fell mysteriously Cahokia 900-1250 CE Largest chiefdom in America in its time Trading city Made clay, pottery, stone goods, leather, copper Located near the Missouri River Declined due to major flooding Maya Based in Central America The Yucatan peninsula From 300-900 CE Patriarchal society Several different languages

Chapter 2- Early Civilizations

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Western Asia

Geography of Asia

Ancient history

Harappa

Olmecs

Chavín culture

Civilizations First developed in Mesopotamia All civilizations have four distinct features Economic surplus Formal governments Writing Urban centers Often had men in a place of power over women Mesopotamia The civilizations that arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris and Euphrates river valleys Had bronze and iron by 4000 BCE Sumer Sumerians joined Mesopotamia in 4000 BCE Developed a cuneiform system by 3500 BCE First known case of writing Founded astronomy Created a numbering system Developed complex religious rituals Built ziggurats Believed in multiple gods Prayers and offerings Believed in afterlife Original version of hell Developed city-states ruled by a king Government regulated religion, provided justice

The Americas notes

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Mexico City metropolitan area

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Teotihuacan

Toltec

Quetzalcoatl

Aztecs

Chavin

Moche culture

Olmecs 1400-400 BCE Giant heads Chavin 900-200 BCE Andean culture Chaco 850-1250 CE Modern day New Mexico Large buildings Limited agriculture Limited water control Mochica 200-700 CE No written language Near the ocean Peru Agriculture Raised animals Llamas Advanced urban planning Corn, beans, potatoes, squash, peanuts Economy and Trade Traded with other Moche communities Jewelry, ceramics Religion Polytheistic Ceremonial centers Temples for the sun and moon Fell mysteriously Cahokia 900-1250 CE Largest chiefdom in America in its time Trading city Made clay, pottery, stone goods, leather, copper Located near the Missouri River Declined due to major flooding Maya Based in Central America The Yucatan peninsula From 300-900 CE Patriarchal society Several different languages

Chapter 2- Early Civilizations

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Western Asia

Geography of Asia

Ancient history

Harappa

Olmecs

Chavín culture

Civilizations First developed in Mesopotamia All civilizations have four distinct features Economic surplus Formal governments Writing Urban centers Often had men in a place of power over women Mesopotamia The civilizations that arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris and Euphrates river valleys Had bronze and iron by 4000 BCE Sumer Sumerians joined Mesopotamia in 4000 BCE Developed a cuneiform system by 3500 BCE First known case of writing Founded astronomy Created a numbering system Developed complex religious rituals Built ziggurats Believed in multiple gods Prayers and offerings Believed in afterlife Original version of hell Developed city-states ruled by a king Government regulated religion, provided justice

World Civilizations Notes Chapter 1

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Western Asia

Middle East

River valley civilization

Chapter 1: From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizations Human Life in the Era of Hunters and Gatherers Hunting and gathering economies dominated human history until 9000 BCE helped propel migration over most of the lands on earth Human origin = 2.5 million years ago 1/4000 of earth?s existence; 5 minutes / 24-hour day Drawbacks: aggressive against their own kind dependent babies limited the adult women back problems due to the upright stature death fears tensions Achievements: grip reproduction omnivores facial expressions aids communication distinctive brain & speech culture Human Life Before Agriculture Human societies spread widely geographically Tool use gradually improved in the hunter-gatherer economy

Ways of the World Notes Chapter 3

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Levant

Nubia

3rd millennium BC

Chapter 3: First Civilizations ? Cities, States, and Unequal Societies, 3500?500 B.C.E. ?escape from civilization? constraints, artificiality, hierarchies, and other discontents greater oppression and inequality I. Something New: The Emergence of Civilizations independent global phenomenon A. Introducing the First Civilizations 1. Sumer, Egypt, & Nubia, 3500?3000 B.C.E. 2. Norte Chico, 3000?1800 B.C.E. Supe River Valley, along the central coast of Peru desert, little rainfall, dozens of rivers monumental architecture, large public ceremonial structures, stone residential buildings & other signs of urban life economy based on an extremely rich fishing industry quipu, may have been an alternative form of writing smaller cities with no defense walls

Early Man And River Valleys

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Levant

Eastern Mediterranean

Early Man and River Valleys Review Characteristics of a Civilizations Advanced cities with large populations Complex/organized institutions (religion & government) New tools/technology Specialized workers Writing development/record keeping Hominids Early human-like creatures Australopithecus Very first hominid Homo Erectus ?Upright human? ? more advanced, used varied tools, first hominid to leave Africa for Europe/Asia Neanderthal Early humans who relied on stone tools and were the first to bury their dead Homo sapien sapien The first anatomically modern humans (wise, wise human being) Replaced Neanderthals Paleolithic Age ?Old Stone Age? early period of human history who made the first stone tools Hunters/Gatherers Nomadic/Followed animals

The Development and Interactions of Early Agricultural, Pastoral, and Urban Societies

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Asia

Levant

The Development and Interactions of Early Agricultural, Pastoral, and Urban Societies First civilizations (5,500-5,000 years ago) Civilizations should have An economic system A government A social system A moral or ethical belief system An intellectual tradition A high level of technology skill Core/Foundational civilizations and the first states (3500-2000BCE) Oldest civilizations on river systems in the Middle East, India, and China Mesopotamia Egypt Indus River Valley Shang China Olmec Chav?n *The first states & empires (states- expand by military conquest) origins are in these core/foundational civilizations* Mesopotamia (Greek- ?land between the waters?) Fertile Crescent- between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers Settlements (8000BCE) Large-scale agriculture (5000BCE)

Chapter 10 Stearns MCQ

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