Cradle of civilization

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Geography of Asia

Indus Valley Civilisation

Ancient history

Harappa

Olmecs

Chavín culture

Civilizations First developed in Mesopotamia All civilizations have four distinct features Economic surplus Formal governments Writing Urban centers Often had men in a place of power over women Mesopotamia The civilizations that arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris and Euphrates river valleys Had bronze and iron by 4000 BCE Sumer Sumerians joined Mesopotamia in 4000 BCE Developed a cuneiform system by 3500 BCE First known case of writing Founded astronomy Created a numbering system Developed complex religious rituals Built ziggurats Believed in multiple gods Prayers and offerings Believed in afterlife Original version of hell Developed city-states ruled by a king Government regulated religion, provided justice

Chapter 2- Early Civilizations

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Geography of Asia

Indus Valley Civilisation

Ancient history

Harappa

Olmecs

Chavín culture

Civilizations First developed in Mesopotamia All civilizations have four distinct features Economic surplus Formal governments Writing Urban centers Often had men in a place of power over women Mesopotamia The civilizations that arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris and Euphrates river valleys Had bronze and iron by 4000 BCE Sumer Sumerians joined Mesopotamia in 4000 BCE Developed a cuneiform system by 3500 BCE First known case of writing Founded astronomy Created a numbering system Developed complex religious rituals Built ziggurats Believed in multiple gods Prayers and offerings Believed in afterlife Original version of hell Developed city-states ruled by a king Government regulated religion, provided justice

World Civilizations Notes Chapter 1

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Middle East

River valley civilization

Chapter 1: From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizations Human Life in the Era of Hunters and Gatherers Hunting and gathering economies dominated human history until 9000 BCE helped propel migration over most of the lands on earth Human origin = 2.5 million years ago 1/4000 of earth?s existence; 5 minutes / 24-hour day Drawbacks: aggressive against their own kind dependent babies limited the adult women back problems due to the upright stature death fears tensions Achievements: grip reproduction omnivores facial expressions aids communication distinctive brain & speech culture Human Life Before Agriculture Human societies spread widely geographically Tool use gradually improved in the hunter-gatherer economy

Ways of the World Notes Chapter 3

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Levant

Nubia

3rd millennium BC

Chapter 3: First Civilizations ? Cities, States, and Unequal Societies, 3500?500 B.C.E. ?escape from civilization? constraints, artificiality, hierarchies, and other discontents greater oppression and inequality I. Something New: The Emergence of Civilizations independent global phenomenon A. Introducing the First Civilizations 1. Sumer, Egypt, & Nubia, 3500?3000 B.C.E. 2. Norte Chico, 3000?1800 B.C.E. Supe River Valley, along the central coast of Peru desert, little rainfall, dozens of rivers monumental architecture, large public ceremonial structures, stone residential buildings & other signs of urban life economy based on an extremely rich fishing industry quipu, may have been an alternative form of writing smaller cities with no defense walls

The Development and Interactions of Early Agricultural, Pastoral, and Urban Societies

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Asia

Levant

Indus Valley Civilisation

The Development and Interactions of Early Agricultural, Pastoral, and Urban Societies First civilizations (5,500-5,000 years ago) Civilizations should have An economic system A government A social system A moral or ethical belief system An intellectual tradition A high level of technology skill Core/Foundational civilizations and the first states (3500-2000BCE) Oldest civilizations on river systems in the Middle East, India, and China Mesopotamia Egypt Indus River Valley Shang China Olmec Chav?n *The first states & empires (states- expand by military conquest) origins are in these core/foundational civilizations* Mesopotamia (Greek- ?land between the waters?) Fertile Crescent- between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers Settlements (8000BCE) Large-scale agriculture (5000BCE)

The Earth and Its Peoples Chapter 1-6

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Chariot

Ancient Egyptian trade

CH. 1: Nature, Humanity and History ? The First Four Million Years Most cultures have some sort of story about their origins - In the nineteenth century, more solid evidence of our origins arose A. African Genesis - In the mid-ninteen hundreds, the remains of humanlike creatures excited the masses, but were controversial i. Interpreting the Evidence In 1856 the first humoid fossils were found in Neander Valley Three years after, Charles Darwin argued the time frame of biological life in ?On the Origin of Species? Natural selection being biological variations that improved survival rates in populations (evolution) The earliest man was found in Africa, preceding both the Java Man (Southeast Asia_ and the Peking man (China) ii. Human Evolution

Ch. 1-4 AP World History Notes

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Algebra

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Geography of Asia

Ancient Egypt

Olmec

3rd millennium BC

Assyria