Mesopotamia

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Culture

Geography of Asia

Indus Valley Civilisation

Ancient history

Harappa

Olmecs

Chavín culture

Civilizations First developed in Mesopotamia All civilizations have four distinct features Economic surplus Formal governments Writing Urban centers Often had men in a place of power over women Mesopotamia The civilizations that arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris and Euphrates river valleys Had bronze and iron by 4000 BCE Sumer Sumerians joined Mesopotamia in 4000 BCE Developed a cuneiform system by 3500 BCE First known case of writing Founded astronomy Created a numbering system Developed complex religious rituals Built ziggurats Believed in multiple gods Prayers and offerings Believed in afterlife Original version of hell Developed city-states ruled by a king Government regulated religion, provided justice

Chapter 2- Early Civilizations

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Culture

Geography of Asia

Indus Valley Civilisation

Ancient history

Harappa

Olmecs

Chavín culture

Civilizations First developed in Mesopotamia All civilizations have four distinct features Economic surplus Formal governments Writing Urban centers Often had men in a place of power over women Mesopotamia The civilizations that arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris and Euphrates river valleys Had bronze and iron by 4000 BCE Sumer Sumerians joined Mesopotamia in 4000 BCE Developed a cuneiform system by 3500 BCE First known case of writing Founded astronomy Created a numbering system Developed complex religious rituals Built ziggurats Believed in multiple gods Prayers and offerings Believed in afterlife Original version of hell Developed city-states ruled by a king Government regulated religion, provided justice

World Civilizations Notes Chapter 1

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Middle East

Culture

River valley civilization

Chapter 1: From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizations Human Life in the Era of Hunters and Gatherers Hunting and gathering economies dominated human history until 9000 BCE helped propel migration over most of the lands on earth Human origin = 2.5 million years ago 1/4000 of earth?s existence; 5 minutes / 24-hour day Drawbacks: aggressive against their own kind dependent babies limited the adult women back problems due to the upright stature death fears tensions Achievements: grip reproduction omnivores facial expressions aids communication distinctive brain & speech culture Human Life Before Agriculture Human societies spread widely geographically Tool use gradually improved in the hunter-gatherer economy

Early Man And River Valleys

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Levant

Eastern Mediterranean

Early Man and River Valleys Review Characteristics of a Civilizations Advanced cities with large populations Complex/organized institutions (religion & government) New tools/technology Specialized workers Writing development/record keeping Hominids Early human-like creatures Australopithecus Very first hominid Homo Erectus ?Upright human? ? more advanced, used varied tools, first hominid to leave Africa for Europe/Asia Neanderthal Early humans who relied on stone tools and were the first to bury their dead Homo sapien sapien The first anatomically modern humans (wise, wise human being) Replaced Neanderthals Paleolithic Age ?Old Stone Age? early period of human history who made the first stone tools Hunters/Gatherers Nomadic/Followed animals

The Development and Interactions of Early Agricultural, Pastoral, and Urban Societies

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Asia

Levant

Indus Valley Civilisation

The Development and Interactions of Early Agricultural, Pastoral, and Urban Societies First civilizations (5,500-5,000 years ago) Civilizations should have An economic system A government A social system A moral or ethical belief system An intellectual tradition A high level of technology skill Core/Foundational civilizations and the first states (3500-2000BCE) Oldest civilizations on river systems in the Middle East, India, and China Mesopotamia Egypt Indus River Valley Shang China Olmec Chav?n *The first states & empires (states- expand by military conquest) origins are in these core/foundational civilizations* Mesopotamia (Greek- ?land between the waters?) Fertile Crescent- between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers Settlements (8000BCE) Large-scale agriculture (5000BCE)

Chapter 1 Stearns MCQ

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Geography of Asia

Asia

Levant

Geography of Iraqi Kurdistan

Tur Abdin

Upper Mesopotamia

River valley civilization

Neolithic Revolution

Human

1 Copyright ? 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP Edition, 6e (Stearns) Chapter 1 From Human Prehistory to the Earliest Civilizations Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Hunting and gathering societies A) are not able to produce art. B) organize rather small groups into political units. C) could not survive after Middle Eastern people developed agriculture. D) generally produce a food surplus. Answer: B Page Ref: 2, 15-16 Topic: Human Life in the Era of Hunters and Gatherers Skill: Conceptual 2) The Paleolithic Age refers to A) the period at which agriculture was developed. B) the period in which simple stone tools were developed.

APWH Ch. 3 Notes

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Asia

Assyria

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Asia

Fertile Crescent

Middle East

Assyria

Canaan

Hyksos

SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1Erica Gonzales Pd.1 AP World History 09/14/12 Chapter 3: The Mediterranean & Middle East 2000-500 B.C.E. ? Late Bronze Age & Early Iron Age peoples migrated & resettled in the Mediterranean lands & western Asia, ? Influences from older centers in Mesopotamia & Egypt penetrated throughout western Asia & the Mediterranean. ? 2nd millennium B.C.E.= Many societies of the Eastern Hemisphere entered the Iron Age. ? Iron Age= use if iron instead of bronze for tools and weapons ? Three societies: - Assyrians of northern Mesopotamia - Israelites of Israel - Phoenicians of Lebanon & Syria ? These societies evolved into new political, cultural, & commercial centers, after the decline of the dominant ancient centers throughout the 3rd & 2nd millennium B.C.E.

AP* EDITION|THE EARTH AND ITS PEOPLE: A GLOBAL HISTORY Chapter 1 Review

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Middle East

Indus Valley Civilization

AP Edition The Earth and its People: A Global History Fifth Edition

Egypt

Nile

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AP* EDITION|THE EARTH AND ITS PEOPLE: A GLOBAL HISTORY CHAPTER 1 Larger Concept Section Review Vocabulary Terms Details BEFORE CIVILIZATION Food Gathering and Stone Tools -Around 10,000 years ago, during the Neolithic Age, humans began to cultivate plants and to domesticate animals in various parts of the world. Climate change is probably the major reason for the switch from food gathering to food production. Civilization-ambiguous term often used to denote more complex societies but sometimes used by anthropologists to describe any group of people sharing a set of cultural traits Culture- socially transmitted patterns of action and expression History- study of past events and changes in the development, transmission, and transformation of cultural practices

The Earth and It's peoples Ch. 1

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Asia

SEQ NLI \r 0 \h ?? seq NL1 \r 0 \h Chapter 2 (second part of chapter 1 in textbook) - The First River-Valley Civilizations, 3500?1500 b.c.e. I?? seq NLA \r 0 \h . Mesopotamia A?? seq NL1 \r 0 \h . Settled Agriculture in an Unstable Landscape 1?? seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Mesopotamia is the alluvial plain area alongside and between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. The area is a difficult environment for agriculture because there is little rainfall, the rivers flood at the wrong time for grain agriculture, and the rivers change course unpredictably.

Comparative Essay on Mesopotamia and Egypt (AP)

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