Sumer

Cosmology

Comparative mythology

Mesopotamian mythology

Anu

Tiamat

Abzu

Chinese creation myths

Mythology test 1 Study Guide Creation Egyptian Who was the primordial deity?-khepri How did the primordial deity begin creation according to this myth?-rose the primeval mound out of the nun, with Ra on top of the mound Who were the first male + female pair and what were they in charge of?- male: Shu- god of atmosphere female: Tefnut- goddess of cosmic order Why wouldn?t Geb + Nut separate?- too in love Who were the offspring of Geb + nut and what were their roles?- Osiris: 1st king of Egypt+ god of fertility Isis: goddess of magic healing Seth: god of desert+ chaos Nepthys: goddess of dusk +death What type of myth is this closest to?- emergence myths Egyptian- Ptah story Who was the primordial deity?- Ptah

Chapter 2- Early Civilizations

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Geography of Asia

Indus Valley Civilisation

Ancient history

Harappa

Olmecs

Chavín culture

Civilizations First developed in Mesopotamia All civilizations have four distinct features Economic surplus Formal governments Writing Urban centers Often had men in a place of power over women Mesopotamia The civilizations that arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris and Euphrates river valleys Had bronze and iron by 4000 BCE Sumer Sumerians joined Mesopotamia in 4000 BCE Developed a cuneiform system by 3500 BCE First known case of writing Founded astronomy Created a numbering system Developed complex religious rituals Built ziggurats Believed in multiple gods Prayers and offerings Believed in afterlife Original version of hell Developed city-states ruled by a king Government regulated religion, provided justice

Chapter 2- Early Civilizations

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Geography of Asia

Indus Valley Civilisation

Ancient history

Harappa

Olmecs

Chavín culture

Civilizations First developed in Mesopotamia All civilizations have four distinct features Economic surplus Formal governments Writing Urban centers Often had men in a place of power over women Mesopotamia The civilizations that arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris and Euphrates river valleys Had bronze and iron by 4000 BCE Sumer Sumerians joined Mesopotamia in 4000 BCE Developed a cuneiform system by 3500 BCE First known case of writing Founded astronomy Created a numbering system Developed complex religious rituals Built ziggurats Believed in multiple gods Prayers and offerings Believed in afterlife Original version of hell Developed city-states ruled by a king Government regulated religion, provided justice

World Civilizations Notes Chapter 1

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Middle East

River valley civilization

Chapter 1: From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizations Human Life in the Era of Hunters and Gatherers Hunting and gathering economies dominated human history until 9000 BCE helped propel migration over most of the lands on earth Human origin = 2.5 million years ago 1/4000 of earth?s existence; 5 minutes / 24-hour day Drawbacks: aggressive against their own kind dependent babies limited the adult women back problems due to the upright stature death fears tensions Achievements: grip reproduction omnivores facial expressions aids communication distinctive brain & speech culture Human Life Before Agriculture Human societies spread widely geographically Tool use gradually improved in the hunter-gatherer economy

Ways of the World Notes Chapter 3

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Levant

Nubia

3rd millennium BC

Chapter 3: First Civilizations ? Cities, States, and Unequal Societies, 3500?500 B.C.E. ?escape from civilization? constraints, artificiality, hierarchies, and other discontents greater oppression and inequality I. Something New: The Emergence of Civilizations independent global phenomenon A. Introducing the First Civilizations 1. Sumer, Egypt, & Nubia, 3500?3000 B.C.E. 2. Norte Chico, 3000?1800 B.C.E. Supe River Valley, along the central coast of Peru desert, little rainfall, dozens of rivers monumental architecture, large public ceremonial structures, stone residential buildings & other signs of urban life economy based on an extremely rich fishing industry quipu, may have been an alternative form of writing smaller cities with no defense walls

Early Man And River Valleys

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Levant

Eastern Mediterranean

Early Man and River Valleys Review Characteristics of a Civilizations Advanced cities with large populations Complex/organized institutions (religion & government) New tools/technology Specialized workers Writing development/record keeping Hominids Early human-like creatures Australopithecus Very first hominid Homo Erectus ?Upright human? ? more advanced, used varied tools, first hominid to leave Africa for Europe/Asia Neanderthal Early humans who relied on stone tools and were the first to bury their dead Homo sapien sapien The first anatomically modern humans (wise, wise human being) Replaced Neanderthals Paleolithic Age ?Old Stone Age? early period of human history who made the first stone tools Hunters/Gatherers Nomadic/Followed animals

The Development and Interactions of Early Agricultural, Pastoral, and Urban Societies

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Asia

Levant

Indus Valley Civilisation

The Development and Interactions of Early Agricultural, Pastoral, and Urban Societies First civilizations (5,500-5,000 years ago) Civilizations should have An economic system A government A social system A moral or ethical belief system An intellectual tradition A high level of technology skill Core/Foundational civilizations and the first states (3500-2000BCE) Oldest civilizations on river systems in the Middle East, India, and China Mesopotamia Egypt Indus River Valley Shang China Olmec Chav?n *The first states & empires (states- expand by military conquest) origins are in these core/foundational civilizations* Mesopotamia (Greek- ?land between the waters?) Fertile Crescent- between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers Settlements (8000BCE) Large-scale agriculture (5000BCE)

AP* EDITION|THE EARTH AND ITS PEOPLE: A GLOBAL HISTORY Chapter 1 Review

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Middle East

Indus Valley Civilization

AP Edition The Earth and its People: A Global History Fifth Edition

Egypt

Nile

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AP* EDITION|THE EARTH AND ITS PEOPLE: A GLOBAL HISTORY CHAPTER 1 Larger Concept Section Review Vocabulary Terms Details BEFORE CIVILIZATION Food Gathering and Stone Tools -Around 10,000 years ago, during the Neolithic Age, humans began to cultivate plants and to domesticate animals in various parts of the world. Climate change is probably the major reason for the switch from food gathering to food production. Civilization-ambiguous term often used to denote more complex societies but sometimes used by anthropologists to describe any group of people sharing a set of cultural traits Culture- socially transmitted patterns of action and expression History- study of past events and changes in the development, transmission, and transformation of cultural practices

Changes in the Ancient Near East

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Art History

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Human–computer interaction

Information Age

World Wide Web

CNote

Internet

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AP Art History

Carla Willhite 1 Mr. French AP Art History Chapter 2 Essay 2 November 11, 2011 Essay 2 The changing political map of the Ancient Near East promoted creative innovation in cultures belonging to the Sumerians, the Akkadians, and the Babylonians. Newly formed cities allowed for the growth and prosperity of culture, economics, government, and art.

first civilizations to use boats

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CNote

Films