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Ancient Near East

Ways of the World Notes Chapter 3

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Chapter 3: First Civilizations ? Cities, States, and Unequal Societies, 3500?500 B.C.E. ?escape from civilization? constraints, artificiality, hierarchies, and other discontents greater oppression and inequality I. Something New: The Emergence of Civilizations independent global phenomenon A. Introducing the First Civilizations 1. Sumer, Egypt, & Nubia, 3500?3000 B.C.E. 2. Norte Chico, 3000?1800 B.C.E. Supe River Valley, along the central coast of Peru desert, little rainfall, dozens of rivers monumental architecture, large public ceremonial structures, stone residential buildings & other signs of urban life economy based on an extremely rich fishing industry quipu, may have been an alternative form of writing smaller cities with no defense walls

Epic of Gilgamesh - Type Study Guide

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1. Background Information First appearance around 2000 BCE Original poem had 3000 lines, we only have 2000 Makes the job of translator more important, they have to interpret a lot. Mason made the story even more great by not just translating like the textbook Enkidu defeats Humbaba and the Bull of Heaven by himself- to increase Enkidu?s heroism and Gilgamesh?s guilt when he dies ?Was I really a friend to Enkidu?? important Loosely connected cycle of songs written in Sumerian in Mesopotamia Over the course of the Old Babylonian period (2000-1600 bce) poet(s) connected the poems to create and epic written in Akkadian, the dominant language of the region Around 1200 bce the epic was revised into its definitive form by a Babylonian priest named S?n-liqe-unninni

Early Man And River Valleys

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Early Man and River Valleys Review Characteristics of a Civilizations Advanced cities with large populations Complex/organized institutions (religion & government) New tools/technology Specialized workers Writing development/record keeping Hominids Early human-like creatures Australopithecus Very first hominid Homo Erectus ?Upright human? ? more advanced, used varied tools, first hominid to leave Africa for Europe/Asia Neanderthal Early humans who relied on stone tools and were the first to bury their dead Homo sapien sapien The first anatomically modern humans (wise, wise human being) Replaced Neanderthals Paleolithic Age ?Old Stone Age? early period of human history who made the first stone tools Hunters/Gatherers Nomadic/Followed animals

The Development and Interactions of Early Agricultural, Pastoral, and Urban Societies

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The Development and Interactions of Early Agricultural, Pastoral, and Urban Societies First civilizations (5,500-5,000 years ago) Civilizations should have An economic system A government A social system A moral or ethical belief system An intellectual tradition A high level of technology skill Core/Foundational civilizations and the first states (3500-2000BCE) Oldest civilizations on river systems in the Middle East, India, and China Mesopotamia Egypt Indus River Valley Shang China Olmec Chav?n *The first states & empires (states- expand by military conquest) origins are in these core/foundational civilizations* Mesopotamia (Greek- ?land between the waters?) Fertile Crescent- between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers Settlements (8000BCE) Large-scale agriculture (5000BCE)

APWH Ch. 3 Notes

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SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1Erica Gonzales Pd.1 AP World History 09/14/12 Chapter 3: The Mediterranean & Middle East 2000-500 B.C.E. ? Late Bronze Age & Early Iron Age peoples migrated & resettled in the Mediterranean lands & western Asia, ? Influences from older centers in Mesopotamia & Egypt penetrated throughout western Asia & the Mediterranean. ? 2nd millennium B.C.E.= Many societies of the Eastern Hemisphere entered the Iron Age. ? Iron Age= use if iron instead of bronze for tools and weapons ? Three societies: - Assyrians of northern Mesopotamia - Israelites of Israel - Phoenicians of Lebanon & Syria ? These societies evolved into new political, cultural, & commercial centers, after the decline of the dominant ancient centers throughout the 3rd & 2nd millennium B.C.E.

Ancient Near East

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Ancient Near East Hittites Assyrians Persians Coinage Babylonian ?Neo Babylonian Egypt Kingdom Old middle Kingdom Pre-dynastic unification Upper Egypt South Lower Egypt North Hellenistic Kings list Narmer Egyptian Language Semantic Menkaure MNKR Mukepivos Mycerinos Rosetta Stone Ancient greek Demotic Hieroglyphic Ashlar Masonry Ephesus Pantheon Divine Sanction Indo-european Post & Lintel
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The Earth and its Peoples ch 3 outline

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Name__Stephanie Yuan__ Period__2___ Date__9/10/12____ Technological and Environmental Transformations to c. 600 BCE Chapter 3: The Mediterranean and Middle East, 2000-500 B.C.E. Terms-Identify and explain the significance. Make flashcards or use Quizlet to complete- HYPERLINK "http://quizlet.com/" http://quizlet.com/Iron Age Hittites -- speakers of an Indo-European language; became foremost power in Anatolia from around 1700 to 12000 BCE Hatshepsut -- the queen of Pharaoh Tuthmosis; served as a regent for her young stepson, but soon claimed the royal title for herself after her husband died Akhenaten -- a pharaoh who parted with traditional ways; "beneficial to Aten" name spread his belief in Aten as the supreme deity; credited with the invention of monotheism

Changes in the Ancient Near East

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Carla Willhite 1 Mr. French AP Art History Chapter 2 Essay 2 November 11, 2011 Essay 2 The changing political map of the Ancient Near East promoted creative innovation in cultures belonging to the Sumerians, the Akkadians, and the Babylonians. Newly formed cities allowed for the growth and prosperity of culture, economics, government, and art.

Egypt and Mesopotamia: Compare and contrast essay

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Compare and Contrast? Egypt and Mesopotamia There are many similarities between Egypt and Mesopotamia, but there also are many differences between them. One similarity between the Egyptian and Mesopotamian civilizations is that they both have similar social classes. Mesopotamian social classes include kings, farmers, priests, and slaves. Egyptian social classes include kings, priests, farmers, and slaves/peasants as well. Another similarity between the Egyptian and Mesopotamian civilizations is that they both had polytheistic religions, although it is said that the pharaoh Akhenaten of Egypt tried to introduce polytheism to his subjects but never succeeded.

The Earth and Its Peoples Chapter 1-6

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CH. 1: Nature, Humanity and History ? The First Four Million Years Most cultures have some sort of story about their origins - In the nineteenth century, more solid evidence of our origins arose A. African Genesis - In the mid-ninteen hundreds, the remains of humanlike creatures excited the masses, but were controversial i. Interpreting the Evidence In 1856 the first humoid fossils were found in Neander Valley Three years after, Charles Darwin argued the time frame of biological life in ?On the Origin of Species? Natural selection being biological variations that improved survival rates in populations (evolution) The earliest man was found in Africa, preceding both the Java Man (Southeast Asia_ and the Peking man (China) ii. Human Evolution

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