Ancient Near East

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Assyria

Elam

Amorites

Lugal-zage-si

World History/Ancient Civilizations Maps | Resources | Contributors? Corner 1 Before the Rise of Civilization Early people were nomadic hunter-gatherers and lived o? the land. Over time, nomadic groups of foragers and hunters began to settle down. The pastoral society helped to further tie groups to speci?c areas of land. The rais- ing of animals created strains on nomadic peoples to ?nd large and reliable sources of food to feed their growing population of animals. Drawbacks at the onset of civi- lization were that they were unusually aggressive, babies were greatly dependent for many years on adult care, and they were aware of the inevitability of death. However, they had several advantages, such as opposable thumbs, ease of reproduction, the ability to adapt to varying phys-

Chatper 2 The Earth and Its Peoples

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Indus Valley Civilization

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Mesopotamia

Ancient Egypt

Ancient Mesopotamian religion

Egyptians

Chapter 2 Outline ? The First River-Valley Civilizations, 3500?1500 B.C.E. Chapter 2 ? The First River-Valley Civilizations, 3500?1500 B.C.E. I.??????? Mesopotamia Settled Agriculture in an Unstable Landscape Mesopotamia is the alluvial plain area alongside and between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. The area is a difficult environment for agriculture because there is little rainfall, the rivers flood at the wrong time for grain agriculture, and the rivers change course unpredictably. Mesopotamia does have a warm climate and good soil. By 4000 B.C.E. farmers were using cattle-pulled plows and a sort of planter to cultivate barley. Just after 3000 B.C.E. they began constructing irrigation canals to bring water to fields farther away from the rivers.

persia_chart_2_river_valleys.doc

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Nile

Mesopotamia Egypt Indus Shang China Time period 3500 BCE 3200 BCE 2500 BCE 1650 BCE Geographic Description Tigris and Euphrates river flooding Few natural barriers Invasions and trade caused city-states to initially develop Nile River. Predictable floods. Natural barriers like desert. People settled on one side of river; other side reserved for religion; led to centralization Indus river and later Ganges Violent flooding due to seasonal monssons Buffered by the foothills of the Hindu Kush Mts although Arynas found a pass (Kyber Pass) Huang He (Yellow) and Yangtze rivers. Unpredictable flooding ?River of Sorrows? Natural barriers led to geographic isolation..Middle Kingdom. River meandered so it caused decentralized feudalism P Made organized city-states.

The Cradle of Civilization The Levant, Mesopotamia, and Egypt

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Atenism

Bo

Amun

Week 3: The Cradle of Civilization: The Levant, Mesopotamia, and Egypt The Neolithic Revolution 28,000 years ago: the Cro-Magnon people pushed into Europe and outcompeted the Neanderthals Homo Sapiens and Neanderthals also occupied the Middle East Homo Sapiens also outcompeted Neanderthals there and left only modern humans Humans (Natufians) lived in and around the Mediterranean Sea in modern day Jordan, Syria, Israel, Lebanon, and Imam Known as the Levant Until 13,000 years ago, Homo Sapiens were hunters/gatherers living in small groups spreading across broad expanses of territory Relied on equality and group consensus Lives were highly uncertain because of food insecurity No way to store food in large quantities Food was also scarce

AP World History Earth and Its Peoples Chapter 1

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Indus Valley Civilization

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Sindh

Mesopotamia

Ancient Egypt

Egyptians

Irrigation

CHAPTER 1 OUTLINE ? From the Origins of Agriculture to the First River-Valley Civilizations I. History and Culture in the Ice Age A. Food Gathering and Stone Tools 1. The period known as the Stone Age lasted from 2 million years ago to 4,000 years ago. It is subdivided into the Paleolithic (Old Stone Age?to 10,000 years ago) and the Neolithic (New Stone Age). 2. The Paleolithic age is characterized by the production of stone tools that were used in scavenging meat from dead animals and later in hunting. Homo sapiens proved to be particularly good hunters and may have caused or helped to cause the extinction of mastodons and mammoths about 11,000 years ago.

dispute_between_sumerian_cities

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Asia

Lagash

E

Mesilim

Lagash and Umma were two Sumerian cities located 18 miles apart. These documents were found on clay cylinders and date from about 2500 BC At the time of the events recorded here, Entemena is king of Lagash. His uncle, Eannatum, had been king earlier and was responsible for the treaty with Lagash mentioned in these documents. The names of the rulers of Lagash are confusing: Eannatum was king of Lagash at the time the original treaty with Umma was negotiated. Enannatum was Eannatum's brother and succeeded him on the throne. Entemena, Enannatum's son and Eannatum's nephew, was king of Lagash at the time of the dispute described in the documents. I

Chapter 1 bulliet

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Asia

Chapter 1 From the Origins of Agriculture to the first Early River Valley Civilizations Before Civilization Stone Age- 2 million to 4 thousand years ago Stone age is subdivided into the Paleolithic age (old stone age to 10,000 years ago) and the Neolithic Age (New Stone Age) Stone tools are developed in the Paleolithic Age Chauvet CaveOn December 18, 1994, this cave in southern France was discovered by Jean-Marie Chauvet, a French official. It contains the oldest and best preserved prehistoric cave paintings; more than three hundred paintings were found of animals that inhabited the Stone Age world, including panthers, cave bears, and mammoths. This black-painted panel in the Chauvet Cave shows horses, rhinoceroses, and wild oxen. (Jean Clottes/Ministere de la Culture)

Why did the earliest civilizations arise in river valleys?

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Asia

Tigris

Silt

water

Euphrates

Valley

Nile

Environment

Why did the earliest civilizations arise in river valleys? Plant domestication set the scene for the emergence of civilization, and if there is one thing plants cannot live without, it is water. Most people in early food producing societies lived in villages near rivers. Mesopotamia, the first civilization, was formed between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. There, not much rain fell, so they used water from the rivers to cultivate the crops. Its warm climate called for good soil, and the Nile regularly deposited silt.
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Chapter 1

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Asia

Cultural anthropology

culture

Cradle of civilization

Mesopotamia

Prehistory