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Pleistocene

Ways of the World Notes Chapter 1

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Chapter 1: First Peoples ? Populating the Planet, to 10,000 B.C.E. hunting-gathering lifestyle: 95% of the time study of Paleolithic peoples: through their material remains achievements I. Out of Africa to the Ends of the Earth: First Migrations Homo sapiens: 250,000 years ago, eastern and southern Africa culture: learned or invented ways of living began to inhabit new environments technological innovations 100,000?60,000 years ago: out of Africa A. Into Eurasia 1. Migrations: 45,000?20,000 years ago 2. New hunting tools into warmer regions altered hunting habits 3. Cave paintings animals, humans & hands, abstract designs in red, yellow, brown & black 4. Venus figurines with exaggerated breasts, buttocks, hips & stomachs

Geography and the Peopling on Earth

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Geography & the Peopling on Earth Geographic Orientation Antarctica- No native pop. Australia Oldest surviving ethnic group- Aborigines Very isolated for most of its history 1,000?s of islands in Pacific (Oceania)= Part of Australia Africa Birthplace of humanity Northern 1/3= Sahara Desert Asia Largest Most populated Most diverse mix of Climates Languages Cultures Subregions= Middle East Central Asia South Asia (Indian Subcontinent) Southeast Asia East Asia (Core= China, Korea, Japan) Europe Small continent Large population Resource-rich Mild & temperate climate Physically joined to Asia (Eurasia) The Arctic Ocean Smallest ocean Ice most of the year Difficult to navigate Location of the Northwest passage sought by European explorers Passage is unusable due to ice-bound conditions

Geological Time Scale

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Eon Era Period Epoch Major Events Phanerozoic Cenozoic Quaternary (0-1.6 million yrs BP) Holocene (Present-10,000 yrs) Modern humans develop. Pleistocene Ice Age Interglacial. Pleistocene (10,000 -1,600,000 yrs) Pleistocene Ice Age. Extinction of many species of large mammals and birds. Tertiary Pliocene (1.6-5.3 million yrs) Development of hominid bipedalism. Cascade Mountains began forming. Climate cooling. Miocene (5.3-24 million yrs) Chimpanzee and hominid lines evolve. Extensive glaciation in Southern Hemisphere. Climate cooling. Oligocene (24-37 million yrs) Browsing mammals and many types of modern plants evolve. Creation of the Alps and Himalaya mountain chains. Volcanoes form in Rocky Mountains. Eocene

StearnsWHAPChapter1

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- AP World History - Stearns Chapter 1 ? From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizations I. Introduction A. Human origin ? 2.5 million years ago 1. 1/4000 of earth?s existence ? 24 hour day ? last 5 minutes B. Human negatives and positives 1. Aggressiveness, long baby time, back problems, death fears 2. Grip, high/regular sex drive, omnivores, facial expressions, speech C. Paleolithic (Old Stone) Age ? 2.5 million to 12000 BCE 1. Simple tools ? increase in size, brain capacity ? Homo erectus II. Late Paleolithic Developments Homo sapiens sapiens ? 120,000 years ago ? killed off others? Population growth required change ? 1 square mile to hunt/gather for 2 people Long breast feeding ? limit fertility

StearnsWHAPChapter1

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- AP World History - Stearns Chapter 1 ? From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizations I. Introduction A. Human origin ? 2.5 million years ago 1. 1/4000 of earth?s existence ? 24 hour day ? last 5 minutes B. Human negatives and positives 1. Aggressiveness, long baby time, back problems, death fears 2. Grip, high/regular sex drive, omnivores, facial expressions, speech C. Paleolithic (Old Stone) Age ? 2.5 million to 12000 BCE 1. Simple tools ? increase in size, brain capacity ? Homo erectus II. Late Paleolithic Developments Homo sapiens sapiens ? 120,000 years ago ? killed off others? Population growth required change ? 1 square mile to hunt/gather for 2 people Long breast feeding ? limit fertility

AP World history Chapter 1

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- AP World History - Stearns Chapter 1 ? From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizations I. Introduction A. Human origin ? 2.5 million years ago 1. 1/4000 of earth?s existence ? 24 hour day ? last 5 minutes B. Human negatives and positives 1. Aggressiveness, long baby time, back problems, death fears 2. Grip, high/regular sex drive, omnivores, facial expressions, speech C. Paleolithic (Old Stone) Age ? 2.5 million to 12000 BCE 1. Simple tools ? increase in size, brain capacity ? Homo erectus II. Late Paleolithic Developments Homo sapiens sapiens ? 120,000 years ago ? killed off others? Population growth required change ? 1 square mile to hunt/gather for 2 people Long breast feeding ? limit fertility

Stearns Chapter 1

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- AP World History - Stearns Chapter 1 ? From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizations I. Introduction A. Human origin ? 2.5 million years ago 1. 1/4000 of earth?s existence ? 24 hour day ? last 5 minutes B. Human negatives and positives 1. Aggressiveness, long baby time, back problems, death fears 2. Grip, high/regular sex drive, omnivores, facial expressions, speech C. Paleolithic (Old Stone) Age ? 2.5 million to 12000 BCE 1. Simple tools ? increase in size, brain capacity ? Homo erectus II. Late Paleolithic Developments Homo sapiens sapiens ? 120,000 years ago ? killed off others? Population growth required change ? 1 square mile to hunt/gather for 2 people Long breast feeding ? limit fertility

chapter one outline for earht and its people ap world

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Paleolithic (Old Stone Age) - 3000 years after the ice age - Consisted of foragers - Used stone tools (name) Foragers - Hunting and food gathering people - Little evidence that Stone Age people were foragers - Doughnut shaped stones served as weights Neolithic (New Stone Age) - Origin of agriculture - Era of food production or “Neolithic Revolution” Agricultural Revolutions - Emphasizes the central role of food production - Domestication of animals for food - Started with foragers scattering seeds of their favorite foods - Polished or ground stone heads made to work the soil Çatal Hüyük - A large Neolithic town that existed from 7000-5000 B.C.E - 32 acres of land - Housing is plastered mud brick rooms

Continuity of Religion from paleolithic to neolithic to rise of civilizations

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We see the continuity of religion throughout the paleolithic period to the rise of civilizations. in the hunting and gathering society, religion played a key role through rituals such as burying the dead and role of Goddesses was prominent. Women and men had equal contributions in society and this was also representative in religion. As one moved foward, polytheism continued. Gods were used to explain phenomenon of nature as well as reinforce civic loyalty. Progression to river civilizations in Mesopotamia ie babylon and Hammurabi's laws outlined some of these rules in society. If the river god Adad flooded your farm you were exempt from your tax burden to the state.

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