Confucianism

WHAP Stearns Chapter 2 outline

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World History

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1st millennium BC

East Asia

Holocene

Dynasties in Chinese history

AP World History - Stearns Chapter 2 ? Classical Civilization: China I. Introduction ? longest-lived civilization in history A. Isolated 1. Couldn?t learn from other cultures 2. Rare invasions 3. Distinctive identity 4. Relatively little internal chaos w/ decline of Shang dynasty a. Greatest links to classical society B. Intellectual theory 1. Harmony of nature ? yin and yang ? balance 2. Seek Dao ? the way a. Avoid excess b. Appreciate balance of opposites c. Humans part of world, not on outside ? like Mediterranean Thesis: China emerged with an unusually well-integrated system in which government, philosophy, economic incentives, the family, and the individual were intended to blend into a harmonious whole. II. Patterns in Classical China

Chapter 3- Classical China

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World History

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Dynasties in Chinese history

Chinese classic texts

Zhou Dynasty: 1122 BCE-256 BCE Ended in warfare (Warring states period) Created the mandated rule (from heaven) that imperial China kept Cultural unity Banned human sacrifice Legalism was formed as a result of the Zhou fall Qin Dynasty: Qin Shi Huangdi took over 35 years after the last Zhou emperor Supported legalist ideas Took over feudal estates Powerful armies Extended south Built great wall Census Established coinage, measures and weights Uniformed written script Furthered agriculture Promoted silk manufacturing Burned books Attacked intellectuals High taxes Died by taking mercury pills to extend his life (210 BCE) Han Dynasty: 202 BCE-220 CE Retained centralization but encouraged intellectual structure Expanded territory Allowed contact with India and Parthian empire

Belief Systems

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World History

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Deity

Taoism

RELIGION OR BELIEF SYSTEMS DEFINITION OF RELIGION: The human relationship with the sacred, with forces in and beyond nature REASONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF BELIEF SYSTEMS: Protection and support or security in an uncertain world Desire for a deeper sense of the significance of life Hope for existence after death Provides answers to eternal questions about existence Where do we come from? Why are we here? What happens to us when we die? What is our relationship to the environment? FIVE COMMON TRAITS OF BELIEF SYSTEMS: Sacred calendar and rituals Sacred spaces Sacred teachings and writings Sacred symbols Religious organization or hierarchy Seminar on Belief Systems:

Chapter 3- Classical China

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World History

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Dynasties in Chinese history

Chinese classic texts

Zhou Dynasty: 1122 BCE-256 BCE Ended in warfare (Warring states period) Created the mandated rule (from heaven) that imperial China kept Cultural unity Banned human sacrifice Legalism was formed as a result of the Zhou fall Qin Dynasty: Qin Shi Huangdi took over 35 years after the last Zhou emperor Supported legalist ideas Took over feudal estates Powerful armies Extended south Built great wall Census Established coinage, measures and weights Uniformed written script Furthered agriculture Promoted silk manufacturing Burned books Attacked intellectuals High taxes Died by taking mercury pills to extend his life (210 BCE) Han Dynasty: 202 BCE-220 CE Retained centralization but encouraged intellectual structure Expanded territory Allowed contact with India and Parthian empire

Classical Period Belief System

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World History

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Deity

Taoism

RELIGION OR BELIEF SYSTEMS DEFINITION OF RELIGION: The human relationship with the sacred, with forces in and beyond nature REASONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF BELIEF SYSTEMS: Protection and support or security in an uncertain world Desire for a deeper sense of the significance of life Hope for existence after death Provides answers to eternal questions about existence Where do we come from? Why are we here? What happens to us when we die? What is our relationship to the environment? FIVE COMMON TRAITS OF BELIEF SYSTEMS: Sacred calendar and rituals Sacred spaces Sacred teachings and writings Sacred symbols Religious organization or hierarchy Seminar on Belief Systems:

The Development & Codification of Religious & Cultural Traditions

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World History

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Religion

Spirituality

Religious demographics

Major religious groups

Reincarnation

Taoism

Hinduism

Confucianism

The Development & Codification of Religious & Cultural Traditions Religions Address questions of morality & spirituality Provide societies w/ a sense of unity Inspire art & architecture Justifying social & political life government social hierarchies gender norms At times opposed scientific innovation & social progress Clashes btwn faiths can provoke discrimination & conflict The development of religions worldwide (600BCE-600CE) Existing religions reformed themselves significantly New religions appeared Artistic & literary traditions flourish Sense of social cohesion Shared cultural identity Considered to be an era of classic civilizations The Persistence of Older Forms of Worship Spirit based belief systems Animism- still practiced by a settled society in Shinto

Classical Civilizations

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World History

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Culture

Asia

East Asian religions

CNote

Films

Taoism

The classical civilizations of China and India have many similar qualities as well as differences. With Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism in China and Hinduism in India, the affects on politics in both areas contrast immensely. Also, social systems become present in both regions, but differ in formality and severity such as the caste system in India. The dynastic cycle occurs in China consisting of a constant pattern of the rise and fall of a dynasty eventually forming a central government. Meanwhile, Indian dynasties do not unify the government as greatly with many kingdoms throughout the subcontinent. Religious variations, social classes, and various dynasties create distinct civilizations that influence modern day China and India.

Women in the Industrialized World CCOT

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World History

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Asia

Scientific revolution

CNote

In the past, women were often given secondary roles to men. Confucianism, for example, made women almost completely reliable on men. Women’s feet were bound, so they needed men to move them around. They couldn’t own property or run any businesses. Later on, women still had the gender-based discrimination. However, between 1750 and 1914, during the industrial revolution, women’s social, economic, and political roles changed significantly, although many things stayed the same, in the Industrialized World.