1st millennium BC

Persian Empire Tolerance Embraced languages and cultures Considerate to diversity Authoritarian Centralized laws Taxes Infrastructure System of roads Postal service Inns for travelers Bureaucracy Expanded empire Integrated territories Zoroastrianism Moral choice Unable to conquer Greece Ended due to Alexander the Great Greece Indo-European nomads who settled in the Greek peninsula 1700 BCE An early kingdom developed around 1400 BCE, Mycenae Complex society arose between 800 and 600 BCE City-states Olympic games Hellenistic culture Sparta Strong militarily aristocracy Slave population Athens Diverse commercial state Slave use Artistic and intellectual Peloponnesian Wars Wars fought between Athens and Sparta with the spartans winning 431-404 BCE Taken over by the Macedonians 338 BCE

Zhou Dynasty: 1122 BCE-256 BCE Ended in warfare (Warring states period) Created the mandated rule (from heaven) that imperial China kept Cultural unity Banned human sacrifice Legalism was formed as a result of the Zhou fall Qin Dynasty: Qin Shi Huangdi took over 35 years after the last Zhou emperor Supported legalist ideas Took over feudal estates Powerful armies Extended south Built great wall Census Established coinage, measures and weights Uniformed written script Furthered agriculture Promoted silk manufacturing Burned books Attacked intellectuals High taxes Died by taking mercury pills to extend his life (210 BCE) Han Dynasty: 202 BCE-220 CE Retained centralization but encouraged intellectual structure Expanded territory Allowed contact with India and Parthian empire

Persian Empire Tolerance Embraced languages and cultures Considerate to diversity Authoritarian Centralized laws Taxes Infrastructure System of roads Postal service Inns for travelers Bureaucracy Expanded empire Integrated territories Zoroastrianism Moral choice Unable to conquer Greece Ended due to Alexander the Great Greece Indo-European nomads who settled in the Greek peninsula 1700 BCE An early kingdom developed around 1400 BCE, Mycenae Complex society arose between 800 and 600 BCE City-states Olympic games Hellenistic culture Sparta Strong militarily aristocracy Slave population Athens Diverse commercial state Slave use Artistic and intellectual Peloponnesian Wars Wars fought between Athens and Sparta with the spartans winning 431-404 BCE Taken over by the Macedonians 338 BCE

Zhou Dynasty: 1122 BCE-256 BCE Ended in warfare (Warring states period) Created the mandated rule (from heaven) that imperial China kept Cultural unity Banned human sacrifice Legalism was formed as a result of the Zhou fall Qin Dynasty: Qin Shi Huangdi took over 35 years after the last Zhou emperor Supported legalist ideas Took over feudal estates Powerful armies Extended south Built great wall Census Established coinage, measures and weights Uniformed written script Furthered agriculture Promoted silk manufacturing Burned books Attacked intellectuals High taxes Died by taking mercury pills to extend his life (210 BCE) Han Dynasty: 202 BCE-220 CE Retained centralization but encouraged intellectual structure Expanded territory Allowed contact with India and Parthian empire