Modern history

Chapter 20 The Industrial Revolution and Its Impact on European Society The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain Origins agricultural revolution rapid population growth surplus labor ready supply of capital for investment in new industrial machines and factories ample supplies of important mineral resources abundant rivers Parliament provided stable government; protected private property colonies provided a market as well as raw materials Technological Changes and New Forms of Industrial Organization The Cotton Industry James Hargreaves? spinning jenny Richard Arkwright?s water frame spinning machine Edmund Cartwright?s power loom concentration of labor in factories new towns grew up around factories The Steam Engine

Chapter 24 An Age of Modernity, Anxiety, and Imperialism, 1894-1914 Toward the Modern Consciousness: Intellectual and Cultural Developments Developments in the Sciences: The Emergence of a New Physics Classical Newtonian Physics: universe = giant machine; matter = indivisible atoms Marie & Pierre Curie: discovered element radium giving off radiation concluded that atoms contained subatomic particles behaving randomly Max Planck: energy is radiated discontinuously in packets called ?quanta? quantum theory raised fundamental questions about the subatomic realm of the atom Albert Einstein ?The Electro-dynamics of Moving Bodies?: special theory of relativity = space & time relative to the observer, interwoven into 4-D space-time continuum

Chapter 27 The Deepening of the European Crisis: World War II Prelude to War (1933-1939) The Role of Hitler Germany needed more land to support a larger population and be a great power Hitler firmly believed in Lebensraum (living space) Hitler: Russian Revolution created conditions for Germany to expand east Bolshevik seizure of power left Russia weak Russia could be resettled by German peasants using Slavic slave labor Hitler?s expansionist ambitions initially supported by conservative elite eventually realized that Nazi policy went far beyond previous goals Hitler?s ability to be both ideologue and opportunist Hitler periodically deviated from Mein Kampf foreign policy goals always returned to basic ideological plans for racial supremacy The ?Diplomatic Revolution? (1933-1936)