Chemical element

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CALIFORNIA STANDARDS TEST CHEMISTRY (Blueprint adopted by the State Board of Education 10/2002) CALIFORNIA CONTENT STANDARDS: CHEMISTRY # of Items % Atomic and Molecular Structure 6 10.0% 1. The periodic table displays the elements in increasing atomic number and shows how periodicity of the physical and chemical properties of the elements relates to atomic structure. As a basis for understanding this concept: a. Students know how to relate the position of an element in the periodic table to its atomic number and atomic mass. 1 b. Students know how to use the periodic table to identify metals, semimetals, non-metals, and halogens. 1

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Homogeneity and heterogeneity

CALIFORNIA STANDARDS TEST CHEMISTRY (Blueprint adopted by the State Board of Education 10/2002) CALIFORNIA CONTENT STANDARDS: CHEMISTRY # of Items % Atomic and Molecular Structure 6 10.0% 1. The periodic table displays the elements in increasing atomic number and shows how periodicity of the physical and chemical properties of the elements relates to atomic structure. As a basis for understanding this concept: a. Students know how to relate the position of an element in the periodic table to its atomic number and atomic mass. 1 b. Students know how to use the periodic table to identify metals, semimetals, non-metals, and halogens. 1

Bio stuff

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Biology

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ions

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Periodic Table Worksheet Name Per. 1. Periodic means . Examples of periodic properties: 2. What is a group (or family)? What is a period? 3. How can you determine the number of electrons in an element?s outer energy level by the group it?s in? 4. What is the octet rule? 5. Why do elements that make positive ions occur on the left side of the periodic table while those that make negative ions occur on the right? 6. What is the common name for group 18? Why do the elements of this group usually not form ions? 7. Complete the following table. Group Common Name Charge on Ions of this Group 1 2 13 / 3A -------- 16 / 6A -------- 17 / 7A 8. Predict the charges on ions of the following atoms.

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Biology

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Mixture

Chemical element

Solution

Phase

Chemical change

Environment

Warm-Up Your car's gas tank holds 18.6 gallons and is one quarter full. Your car gets 16 miles/gal. You see a sign saying, "Next gas 73 miles." Your often-wrong brother, who is driving, is sure you'll make it without running out of gas. You're not so sure and do some quick figuring: Matter and Change Matter: Anything that has mass and takes up space. Mass: measure of the amount of matter. Matter and Change Atoms: Smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element Elements: pure substance made of one atom. Compounds: made of atoms of two or more elements that are chemically bonded Physical properties and changes Physical properties: quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance

Chapter 1 Outline

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Mixture

Pre-AP Chemistry Modern Chemistry (2006) Chapter 1 Notes ? Matter and Change 1.1 Chemistry is a Physical Science 1. The natural sciences were once divided into two categories: biological and physical sciences. 2. The biological sciences focus on living things and their interaction with the environment. 3. The physical sciences focus is mainly on non-living things. 4. However, chemistry is central to all living and non-living things because they consist of chemical structures. 5. Chemistry is the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter, the processes that matter undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany these processes. Branches of Chemistry 1. Chemistry includes six branches of study ? although these branches often overlap.

AP Chemistry Vocabulary Chapter 1-4,9

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analytical chemistry the area of chemistry that focuses on the composition of matter applied chemistry research that is directed toward a practical goal or application biochemistry the area of chemistry that focuses on processes that take place in organisms biotechnology the field that applies science to the production of biological products or processes chemistry the study of the composition of matter and the changes that matter undergoes experiment a repeatable procedure that is used to test a hypothesis hypothesis a proposed explanation for an observation inorganic chemistry the study of substances that, in general, do not contain carbon macroscopic describes the world of objects that are large enough to see with the unaided eye matter

Chapter 2 Outline

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Environmental Science

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Baryons

Neutron

Nuclear fusion

Isotope

Chemical element

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SCIENCE, MATTER, ENERGY, AND SYSTEMS p.28-49 Core Case Study ? Carrying Out a Controlled Scientific Experiment o controlled experiment- a way in which scientists learn about how nature works is to conduct a controlled experiment o variables- factors that can change within a system or situation being studied o single-variable analysis- an experiment designed to isolate and study the effects of one variable at a time o experimental group- a chosen variable is changed in a known way o control group- the chosen variable is not changed 2-1 What Is Science p.29-35 ? Science Is a Search for Order in Nature o science- an endeavor to discover how nature works and to use that knowledge to make predictions

Prentice Hall AP Chem. Chapter 2 notes

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Matter

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Proton

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Chapter 2 Atoms, Molecules, and Ions John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College St. Peters, MO ? 2006, Prentice Hall, Inc. Chemistry, The Central Science, 10th edition Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; and Bruce E. Bursten Atomic Theory of Matter The theory that atoms are the fundamental building blocks of matter reemerged in the early 19th century, championed by John Dalton. Dalton?s Postulates Each element is composed of extremely small particles called atoms. Dalton?s Postulates All atoms of a given element are identical to one another in mass and other properties, but the atoms of one element are different from the atoms of all other elements. Dalton?s Postulates

Prentice Hall AP Chem. Chapter 1 notes

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