Chemical substance

Homogeneity and heterogeneity

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Mixture

Separation process

Boiling point

Properties of water

Notes ? Matter Describing Matter Definition - Anything that has mass and takes up space. Matter can be in three states (plasma is another state but exists at high energy that we will not deal with) Solid ? definite shape, definite volume, particles packed closely together Liquid ? indefinite shape, definite volume, particles can flow easily Gas/Vapor ? indefinite shape, indefinite volume, particles are spaced far apart Similar terms but not interchangeable Gases exist as gases at room temperature Vapors are in a gaseous state but generally exist as solids or liquids Characteristic/Physical Properties Physical Properties ? characteristics that are observed but never change for a substance Boiling point (condensation) - temperature at which a liquid turns to a vapor

Principles of Chemistry Chapter 2

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ions

ion

Hydride

Chapter 2: Atoms and Molecules Section 1: Insight into Polymers Wednesday, August 27, 2014 12:40 PM What is a polymer? -substance consisting of many large particles (called momoners) -monomers are small molecules made of many atoms ? note: the composition of the monomers determines the properties of the polymer ? All polymers have a polymer backbone, which is a long string of atoms keeping the molecule together. In organic chemistry, the backbone is made of carbon molecules! ? ? ? THE DIFFERENT COMBOS OF ATOMS MAKE DIFFERENT POLYMERS! ? ? ? ? Coulomb's Law describes interaction of charged particles. ? (remember the E is the permittivity constant) ? ? ? ? ?

Ch 2: Environmental systems

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Environmental Science

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ion

Pauline Lee APES Chapter 2: Environmental Systems A Lake of Salt Water, Dust Storms, and Endangered Species Mono Lake- terminal lake water flows into it, but doesn?t flow out a. Picks up salt and other minerals- deposited in the lake b. Evaporation- buildup of salt concentration c. Mono brine shrimp/larvae of Mono Lake alkali fly i. Consume microscopic algae Los Angeles Department of Water and Power reduce amount of water diverted and allow the lake to refill to about 2/3rds of historical depth Earth is a Single Interconnected System Large system may contain many smaller systems within it Fisheries of the North Atlantic a. Physiologist- study how codfish survive in freezing waters i. Fish and internal organs system being studied

Bob Jones PPT Notes -- Chapter 2a

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Science

Homogeneity and heterogeneity

The Classification of Matter Matter Matter is described as ?anything that takes up space and has mass.? Matter Matter was created ex nihilo, which means ?from nothing.? Science Guess Scientific method Faith Observation Question How can we know where matter comes from? 4 Atom - Clipart.com Item #20307567 Organization of Matter Pure substances Mixtures Is a substancepure or a mixture? Determined by: Physical properties Chemical properties Physical Properties Physical properties can be measured without changing the material into another substance. They describe how a substance is by itself. The following terms are examples of physical properties: density density describes how the particles are packed into a material malleability malleability

bio

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Biology

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Mixture

Chemical element

Solution

Phase

Chemical change

Environment

Warm-Up Your car's gas tank holds 18.6 gallons and is one quarter full. Your car gets 16 miles/gal. You see a sign saying, "Next gas 73 miles." Your often-wrong brother, who is driving, is sure you'll make it without running out of gas. You're not so sure and do some quick figuring: Matter and Change Matter: Anything that has mass and takes up space. Mass: measure of the amount of matter. Matter and Change Atoms: Smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element Elements: pure substance made of one atom. Compounds: made of atoms of two or more elements that are chemically bonded Physical properties and changes Physical properties: quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance

Chapter 1 Outline

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Mixture

Pre-AP Chemistry Modern Chemistry (2006) Chapter 1 Notes ? Matter and Change 1.1 Chemistry is a Physical Science 1. The natural sciences were once divided into two categories: biological and physical sciences. 2. The biological sciences focus on living things and their interaction with the environment. 3. The physical sciences focus is mainly on non-living things. 4. However, chemistry is central to all living and non-living things because they consist of chemical structures. 5. Chemistry is the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter, the processes that matter undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany these processes. Branches of Chemistry 1. Chemistry includes six branches of study ? although these branches often overlap.

AP Chemistry Vocabulary Chapter 1-4,9

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Mass

analytical chemistry the area of chemistry that focuses on the composition of matter applied chemistry research that is directed toward a practical goal or application biochemistry the area of chemistry that focuses on processes that take place in organisms biotechnology the field that applies science to the production of biological products or processes chemistry the study of the composition of matter and the changes that matter undergoes experiment a repeatable procedure that is used to test a hypothesis hypothesis a proposed explanation for an observation inorganic chemistry the study of substances that, in general, do not contain carbon macroscopic describes the world of objects that are large enough to see with the unaided eye matter

Prentice Hall AP Chem. Chapter 1 notes

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Matter

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