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Chemical compounds

AP Chemistry Zumdahl 7E Chapter 14 Notes

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Chemistry
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Equilibrium chemistry
Bases
Acids
Mineral acids
Chemical compounds
Acid strength
Acid–base reaction
Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory
Acid dissociation constant
Acid
PH
Weak base

1 Chapter 14 - Acids and Bases 14.1 The Nature of Acids and Bases A. Arrhenius Model 1. Acids produce hydrogen ions in aqueous solutions 2. Bases produce hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions B. Bronsted-Lowry Model 1. Acids are proton donors 2. Bases are proton acceptors 3. H3O+ is called the hydronium ion C. Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs 1. A conjugate base is what remains after an acid has donated a proton a. Cl- is the conjugate base of HCl 2. A conjugate acid is what is formed when a base accepts a proton base acid acid base 3. HCl is a stronger base than H3O+ (H+) so the equilibrium lies far to the right D. Acid Dissociation Constant 1. ][ ]][[ HCl ClHKa -+ = a. water is not included because, in dilute solution, the concentration of

Chemical Nomenclature - Notes

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Chemistry
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Chemical elements
ions
Periodic Table
Reducing agents
Chemical compounds
Chemical nomenclature
Hydrogen
Binary compound
Nonmetal
Carbon
Nitrogen
Polyatomic ion

Notes ? chemical nomenclature/naming compounds Ch 6.3-6.6 Monoatomic noble gases These are the noble gases. These are elements that exist in nature as isolated elements. They do not combine with other elements to form compounds (as far as this class is concerned). Diatomic Molecules Diatomic elements or molecules ? compounds made of two atoms of the same element I2 Br2 Cl2 F2 O2 N2 H2 Binary compounds made of at least 2 different elements Three types Type 1 ? metals and nonmetals Type 2 ? metals and nonmetals Type 3 ? nonmetals and nonmetals Type 1 Ionic compounds that contain a metal and nonmetal Metal forms one cation (from group 1, 2, 13) the nonmetal forms the anion Write the Cation first and the anion second, put an ?-ide? on the end of the nonmetal

Principles of Chemistry Chapter 2

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Chemistry
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Chemistry
Periodic Table
Chemical bonding
ions
Chemical compounds
Chemical bond
Ionic bonding
ion
molecule
Chemical substance
Chemical formula
Hydride

Chapter 2: Atoms and Molecules Section 1: Insight into Polymers Wednesday, August 27, 2014 12:40 PM What is a polymer? -substance consisting of many large particles (called momoners) -monomers are small molecules made of many atoms ? note: the composition of the monomers determines the properties of the polymer ? All polymers have a polymer backbone, which is a long string of atoms keeping the molecule together. In organic chemistry, the backbone is made of carbon molecules! ? ? ? THE DIFFERENT COMBOS OF ATOMS MAKE DIFFERENT POLYMERS! ? ? ? ? Coulomb's Law describes interaction of charged particles. ? (remember the E is the permittivity constant) ? ? ? ? ?

Chapter 5b

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Chemistry
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Chemistry
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Analytical chemistry
Chemical compounds
Chlorides
Metal halides
Titration
Silver chloride
Stoichiometry
Molar concentration
Potassium hydroxide
health
behavior
Human development
Interpersonal relationships
Love
Psychoanalysis
Human behavior
Attachment theory
Evolutionary biology
Personal life
Technology

Chemistry 1210: Introduction to General Chemistry Dr. Gina M. Florio 27 Sept. 2012 Jespersen, Brady, Hyslop Chapter 5B Molecular View of Reactions in Aqueous Solution Properties of Solutions: Quantitative Composition The molar concentration or molarity (M) is defined as: units of M = mol/L (mol L-1) Example: How many grams of AgNO3 are needed to prepare 250 mL of a 0.0125 M AgNO3 solution? NOTE: You can also solve this for concentration OR liters of solution CH. 5 Properties of Solutions: Quantitative Composition Solutions of high concentration can be diluted to make solutions of lower concentration. Dilution: CH. 5 Example: How much 1.0 M CuSO4 (aq) solution is required to prepare 250 mL of a 0.10 M CuSO4 (aq) solution? How much water is required? Solution Stoichiometry CH. 5

Bob Jones PPT Notes -- Chapter 8b

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Chemistry
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Chemistry
Chemical elements
Nonmetals
Chemical compounds
Sulfates
Dietary minerals
Binary compound
Polyatomic ion
Sulfuric acid
Sulfur
Magnesium sulfate
Properties of water

Nomenclature What?s In a Name? Common names describe some aspect of the compound Examples: soda ash Epsom salts What?s In a Name? IUPAC system International Union of Pure & Applied Chemistry Common Name Chemical Name Formula Common Names of Some Industrial Chemicals oil of vitriol sulfuric acid H2SO4 caustic lime calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 lye sodium hydroxide NaOH Common Name Chemical Name Formula Common Names of Some Industrial Chemicals soda ash sodium carbonate Na2CO3 milk of magnesia magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2 IUPAC System Developed in the late 1800s Requires determining the type of compound before naming it Has a different set of naming rules for each type of compound Flow Chart Green: questions what type of bond Blue: gives naming information

Acids and Bases

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Chemistry
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Chemistry
Bases
Acid-base chemistry
Equilibrium chemistry
Acids
Chemical compounds
Acid–base reaction
Acid
Neutralization
Titration
PH
Chemical reaction
Periodic Table
Structure

Unit 7: Acid and Bases Acid Base Lemonade Dressing Vinegar Drain-0 Arm-n-Hammer Arrhenius Acids: When in a solution, they donate protons (H+) A proton in water becomes a ?hydronium? ion H3) SameEx) HCL (aq) H+(aq) + Cl-(aq) HCl(l) + H2) H30+(aq) + Cl- Acids cause indicators to change color (Table M) Ex) Bromthymol blue, litmus, phenolphthalein Sour Taste (ex. Citric acid) pH<7 (0-7) (pure acid 100%) Measure of H+ concentration p= power (pH. If [H+} = 1 X 10-7 All acids dissolve metal to produce H2 gas (corrosive) chemically dissolve A neutralization reaction occurs b/t an acid and a base to form a salt and water Arrhenius Base: When in a solution, they donate hydroxide ions (OH-) to the solution

Chemical Names and Formulas Chapter 6 Addison and Wesley

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Chemistry
ions
Chemical nomenclature
Oxoanions
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Inorganic chemistry
IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry
Polyatomic ion
Ionic compound
ion
Chemical bond
Chemical formula
addison and wesley chemistry chem

Chapter 6 ?Chemical Names and Formulas? By Stephen L. Cotton, Charles Page High School Modified by Barbara Williams, DeBakey HSHP H2O Molecular Compounds Molecule Neutral chemically bonded group of atoms that act as a unit Usually composed of 2 or more nonmetal atoms Make up molecular compounds Ions and Ionic Compounds Ion Charged atom or group of atoms (cation or anion) Cation name: same name + ?ion? (Na+ is called ?sodium ion?) Anion name: root name ends with ?-ide? (Cl- is called ?chloride?) Ionic Compound Composed of metal cation and nonmetal anion An Anion is? A negative ion. Has gained electrons. Nonmetals can gain electrons. Charge is written as a superscript on the right. F1- Has gained one electron (-ide is new ending = fluoride) O2- Gained two electrons (oxide)
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