matter

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Nuclear physics

Nuclear chemistry

Chemical properties

Baryons

atoms

Isotope

Proton

Neutron

Mass number

Chemical element

Mass

Atomic Structure The discovery of atoms began with Democritus, a Greek philosopher, who was the first person to suggest that atoms exist. However Democritus made the false claim that atoms were indestructible which was proven wrong with the development of the atomic bomb (nuclear power), additionally he did not support his idea with scientific evidence or explain the chemical behavior of the atom. Following Democritus was Dalton who took the idea of the atom and explained it and supported it with scientific methods. Atom= The smallest particle of an element that retains its identity within chemical reactions due to maintaining chemical and physical properties. Dalton?s Atomic Theory: All elements are composed of indivisible particles called atoms (later disproved)

Water Potential

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Osmosis

Water Potential (?) Water potential (?) is a measure of water?s potential to do work. In order to do work, an object must be able to apply enough force to another object to cause displacement. In order for water to displace another object, water must be moving. The largest water potential any volume of water can have, if only standard atmospheric pressure is being applied to that volume of water, is defined as 0. This is the water potential for distilled water. Distilled water has the greatest potential to move, and thus displace another object.

Nonrenewable resources notes

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Fuels

Coal

Name: ____________________________________ The Earth's Resources 1. Nonrenewable Resources a. _________________________________ take millions of years to form and accumulate b. _________________________ are hydrocarbons that are used for energy. They are formed from the _____________ of __________ and _____________. ( Coal is the solid form of ___________________ used for fuel. - Almost _____% of coal is used for power production. - The smoke from burning coal is a major part of _____________ coal is a major part of Acid Rain ( _____________________&____________________ are the liquid and gas forms of hydrocarbons used for energy.

lab4

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Zinc compounds

Oxides

Iodides

Salts

Zinc iodide

Uranium trioxide

Iodine

61 The Castle of Quantification A major development in the discovery of Nature's Chemical Laws was the use of the balance during experiments. By quantifying the mass of reactants and products, chemists uncovered regularities and created new generalizations about the physical world. These generalizations are important to us today. For instance, in industry the optimization of product is often extremely important economically. By knowing the relationship between reactants and products, chemists can predict how much product will be made from the amount of reactants they stafted out with; this minimizes the quantity of wasted reactants and thereby increases efficiency of the manufacturing process. Your job is to find this relationship. 1l l' ,.: ',:'- '1," ,,,,,,

lab1

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Iodine

Iodides

15 Southside Seaweed Seaport Chemists are often depicted in movies or in books as eccentric and absent-minded p:ofessors. ln reality chemists are very in touch with the needs of society and are more practical tnan you nay think. Chemists often isolate substances found in nature or create new substances that benefil our heai:h. This activity is a case in point. You will be isolating an iodide salt that will be used to prepare a tinctlrre of lodine. Sold as an over-the-counter drug in your local pharmacy, iqQlne is used as an antiseptic on cL(s and scrapes of the skin. lodine has also been used to sanitize swimming pools and medical instruments pur,fy drinking water and is used in the treatment of goiter (swelling of the thyroid). I hope that this acti\.i}, r,rill convince many of

Chapter 3 questions

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Ecology

Philosophy of biology

Oxide

AP Environmental Science Unit 2 Test Ch. 3 & 4 Do NOT write on the test 49) Which statement describes the result of the second law of thermodynamics? A. In any isolated system entropy tends to increase spontaneously. B. Heat energy always flows spontaneously from hot to cold. C. Energy can not be created or destroyed. D. Energy input always equals energy output. 50) The energy available to the tertiary consumers (top carnivores) in a particular ecosystem is 10 kJ m?2 y?1. How much energy (in kJ m?2 y?1 ) is likely to be passed on by the producers to the primary consumers? A. 1 B. 10 C. 100 D. 1000 E. 10,000 51) How is the net productivity of the producers in an ecosystem defined? A. Energy fixed by biomass per unit time plus respiratory losses

Living in the Environment 16th Ed. : Ch.2 Key Terms

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Physics

Baryons

Isotope

Chapter 2 Key Terms acidity Ions are also important for measuring a substance?s acidity in a water solution, a chemical characteristic that helps determine how a substance dissolved in water will interact with and affect its environment. atom The most basic building block of matter is an atom: the smallest unit of matter into which an element can be divided and still retain its chemical properties. atomic number Each element has a unique atomic number, equal to the number of protons in the nucleus of its atom. atomic theory The idea that all elements are made up of atoms is called the atomic theory and is the most widely accepted scientific theory in chemistry. cells

The Need for Water in Ancient Societies

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World History

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Water management

water

Irrigation

Soft matter

Agricultural soil science

Agronomy

Land management

AP World History Summer Essay Part B: The Need for Water in Ancient Societies The need for a steady supply of water affected the technological, economic, political, and legal development of ancient society in many ways. It pushed people to create ways to receive a water supply which advanced their technology and economics. It caused the people and governments to organize an even distribution of water thus advancing their legal and political development. Thanks to the need for water, ancient society advanced in unbelievable ways.

Ch 2: Environmental systems

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Physics

ion

Pauline Lee APES Chapter 2: Environmental Systems A Lake of Salt Water, Dust Storms, and Endangered Species Mono Lake- terminal lake water flows into it, but doesn?t flow out a. Picks up salt and other minerals- deposited in the lake b. Evaporation- buildup of salt concentration c. Mono brine shrimp/larvae of Mono Lake alkali fly i. Consume microscopic algae Los Angeles Department of Water and Power reduce amount of water diverted and allow the lake to refill to about 2/3rds of historical depth Earth is a Single Interconnected System Large system may contain many smaller systems within it Fisheries of the North Atlantic a. Physiologist- study how codfish survive in freezing waters i. Fish and internal organs system being studied

Chapter 6- Chemistry in Biology

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Physics

Baryons