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Atomic Structure

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Atomic Structure The discovery of atoms began with Democritus, a Greek philosopher, who was the first person to suggest that atoms exist. However Democritus made the false claim that atoms were indestructible which was proven wrong with the development of the atomic bomb (nuclear power), additionally he did not support his idea with scientific evidence or explain the chemical behavior of the atom. Following Democritus was Dalton who took the idea of the atom and explained it and supported it with scientific methods. Atom= The smallest particle of an element that retains its identity within chemical reactions due to maintaining chemical and physical properties. Dalton?s Atomic Theory: All elements are composed of indivisible particles called atoms (later disproved)

AP Chemistry Zumdahl 7E Chapter 2 Notes

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AP Chemistry A. Allan Chapter 2 Notes - Atoms, Molecules and Ions 2.1 The Early History Refer to the Chemistry History Timeline for this chapter 2.2 Fundamental Chemical Laws A. Law of Conservation of Mass 1. "Mass is neither created nor destroyed" 2. Translation: In ordinary chemical reactions, the total mass of the reactants is equal to the total mass of the products B. Law of Definite Proportion 1. "A given compound always contains the same proportions of elements by mass" 2. Translation: Compounds have an unchanging chemical formula C. Law of Multiple Proportions 1. "When two elements form a series of compounds, the ratios of the masses of the second element that combine with one gram of the first element can always be reduced to small whole numbers

The History of the Atom - Notes

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The History of the Atom Chapter 5 Major Discoveries 1806: John Dalton Atomic theory 1896 Henri Becquerel Radioactivity 1897: JJ Thomson Discovered the Electron 1909: Robert Millikan Confirmed existence of Electrons, their mass and their negative charge 1910: Ernst Rutherford Nucleus has the protons and neutrons, rest is mostly empty space 1913: Neils Bohr Planetary model of the atom Dalton?s Atomic Theory Elements are made up of discrete units called atoms Atoms of each element are identical. Atoms of different elements are different. Compounds are formed when atoms combine. Each compound has a specific number and kinds of atom. Chemical reactions are rearrangement of atoms. Atoms are not created or destroyed. Becquerel and Radioactivity Discovered by accident

Chapter 7

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Claire Rafson Chapter 7: Atomic Structure and Periodicity 7.1- 7.3 Wavelength and frequency are inversely related C= speed of light = 2.9979 X 10^8 m/s Photoelectric effect- Einstein. Phenomenon in which electrons are emitted from the surgace of a metal when light strikes it. E=mc^2 ?. M= mass Dual nature of light Diffraction- light is scattered from a regular array of points or lines. Change in E= hv 7.4- quantum model- made by Bohr. Model for the hydrogen atom. Electron in a hydrogen atom moves around the nucleus only in certain orbits. Ground state- lowest possible energy state. 7.5- quantum mechanical model- Heisenberg, Broglie, and Schrodinger probability distribution- intensity of color is used to indicate probability value near a given point in space. 7.6-

Prentice Hall AP Chem. Chapter 2 notes

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Chapter 2 Atoms, Molecules, and Ions John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College St. Peters, MO ? 2006, Prentice Hall, Inc. Chemistry, The Central Science, 10th edition Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; and Bruce E. Bursten Atomic Theory of Matter The theory that atoms are the fundamental building blocks of matter reemerged in the early 19th century, championed by John Dalton. Dalton?s Postulates Each element is composed of extremely small particles called atoms. Dalton?s Postulates All atoms of a given element are identical to one another in mass and other properties, but the atoms of one element are different from the atoms of all other elements. Dalton?s Postulates

AP Biology Chemistry Review

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Biology Review (Chapters 1 - 4)

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Chapter 1 Common Characteristics of Life  composed of cells  highly organized  exchanges energy with the environment  responds to stimuli  reproduces itself  evolves over time  adapts to environment  maintains homeostasis 7 characteristics common to life 1. Cells and organization: organisms maintain an internal order – simplest is the cell 2. Energy use and metabolism: to maintain internal order, energy is needed. Energy is utilized in chemical reactions collectively known as metabolism 3. Response to environmental changes: organisms react to environmental changes to increase chances of survival 4. Regulation and homeostasis: organisms regulate cells and body to maintain homeostasis – relatively stable internal conditions
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