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Oxidation state

AP Chemistry MIDTERM review C

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Zn + N O 3- + H+ ?Zn2+ + N H 4+ + H 2O Which statement about this reaction is correct? The oxidation number of H changes from +1 to 0 The oxidation number of H changes from +1 to -1 The oxidation number of N changes from +5 to -3 The oxidation number of N changes from +5 to +3 The oxidation number of N changes from +6 to +4 Assign oxidation numbers to each element Zinc goes from 0 to +2 (lost 2 electrons) N goes from +5 to -3 (gained 8 electrons) C 100 0 +5 -2 -3 +1 +1 -2 2H2O2(g) + S(s) ? SO2(g) + 2H2O(g) What is the enthalpy change in the reaction? C 200 Substance ?Hf (kJ/mol) H2O2(g) -150 S(s) 0 SO2(g) -300 H2O(g) -250 -500 kJ -200 kJ 200 kJ 400 kJ 600 kJ [2(-250) + (-300) ] ? [2(-150) + 0] = -500 C 300 CH3CH2OH(g) + ___O2(g) ? ___CO2(g) + ___H2O(g)

AP Chemistry Zumdahl 7E Chapter 2 Notes

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AP Chemistry A. Allan Chapter 2 Notes - Atoms, Molecules and Ions 2.1 The Early History Refer to the Chemistry History Timeline for this chapter 2.2 Fundamental Chemical Laws A. Law of Conservation of Mass 1. "Mass is neither created nor destroyed" 2. Translation: In ordinary chemical reactions, the total mass of the reactants is equal to the total mass of the products B. Law of Definite Proportion 1. "A given compound always contains the same proportions of elements by mass" 2. Translation: Compounds have an unchanging chemical formula C. Law of Multiple Proportions 1. "When two elements form a series of compounds, the ratios of the masses of the second element that combine with one gram of the first element can always be reduced to small whole numbers

Naming Polyatomic Ions - Notes

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Naming polyatomic ions and acids Definition Polyatomic ions are similar to monatomic ions in that they both have an ionic charge (+ or -). Polyatomic ions are made of two or more atoms that act as a unit Examples ? Naming compounds with polyatomic ions Nitrate ion NO3-1 Phosphate ion PO4-3 Sulfate ion SO4-2 Ammonium ion NH4+1 Naming polyatomic ions The name of the ion usually ends in either -ite or -ate. The -ite ending indicates a low oxidation state (NO-2 ion - nitrite ion). The -ate ending indicates a high oxidation state (NO-3 ion - nitrate ion). Naming polyatomic ions Prefixes also can be used. The prefix hypo- indicates the very lowest oxidation state. (ClO- ion - hypochlorite ion)
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