Valence electron

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ion

Atom

1 THE MOST BASIC CHEMISTRY REVIEW This review is intended to remind you of the BASICS that you learned. It is NOT COMPLETE. CLASSIFYING MATTER elements, compounds, or mixtures PROPERTIES OF MATTER INTensive?a property that doesn?t depend on amount (ex- boiling point) Extensive?a property that does depend on amount (ex- mass or volume) density ? amount of matter in a given volume Density = mass volume units: g/cm3 for solids, g/mL for liquids density column Example A piece of wood that measures 3.0 cm by 6.0 cm by 4.0 cm has a mass of 80.0 grams. What is the density of the wood? Would the piece of wood float in water? If the wood were cut into three pieces would it have the same density?

AP Chemistry Zumdahl 7E Chapter 8 Notes

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AP Chemistry A. Allan Chapter 8 Notes - Bonding: General Concepts 8.1 Types of Chemical Bonds A. Ionic Bonding 1. Electrons are transferred 2. Metals react with nonmetals 3. Ions paired have lower energy (greater stability) than separated ions B. Coulomb's Law 1. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?= - r QQ E nmJx 21191031.2 a. E = energy in joules b. Q1 and Q2 are numerical ion charges c. r = distance between ion center in nanometers d. negative sign indicates an attractive force C. Bond Length (covalent) 1. Distance at which the system energy is at a minimum 2. Forces at work a. Attractive forces (proton - electron) b. Repulsive forces (electron - electron, proton - proton) 3. Energy is given off (bond energy) when two atoms achieve greater stability together than apart

The History of the Atom - Notes

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Nuclear physics

Baryons

atoms

Proton

ion

Neutron

Alpha particle

Valence electron

The History of the Atom Chapter 5 Major Discoveries 1806: John Dalton Atomic theory 1896 Henri Becquerel Radioactivity 1897: JJ Thomson Discovered the Electron 1909: Robert Millikan Confirmed existence of Electrons, their mass and their negative charge 1910: Ernst Rutherford Nucleus has the protons and neutrons, rest is mostly empty space 1913: Neils Bohr Planetary model of the atom Dalton?s Atomic Theory Elements are made up of discrete units called atoms Atoms of each element are identical. Atoms of different elements are different. Compounds are formed when atoms combine. Each compound has a specific number and kinds of atom. Chemical reactions are rearrangement of atoms. Atoms are not created or destroyed. Becquerel and Radioactivity Discovered by accident

ap chem semester final

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ion

AP/IB Chem 1st Semester Exam Review Questions?????????????????? Multiple Choice: 1. When 12 grams of methane (CH4) is burned, the quantity of energy released is most nearly: Heat of combustion for CH4 is -891 KJ/mol. a)? 0.75 kJ?b)? 56 kJ?c)? 420 kJ?d)? 600 kJ?e)? 800 kJ 2.? The reaction of sodium bicarbonate with sulfuric acid is shown below.? 2 NaHCO3?? +?? H2SO4?? ??? Na2SO4?? +?? 2 H2O?? +?? 2 CO2???????? ?H? =? + 25 kJ/mol NaHCO3

Campbell9thEdChapter2ChemicalContextofLife

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The Chemical Context of Life Chapter 2 Matter consists of chemical elements in pure form and in combinations called compounds Organisms are composed of matter Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass ? 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Elements and Compounds Matter is made up of elements An element is a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions A compound is a substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio A compound has characteristics different from those of its elements ? 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 2.3 Sodium Chlorine Sodium chloride The Elements of Life About 20?25% of the 92 elements are essential to life, but it varies among organisms Humans need 25 elements while plants only need 17 elements

AP Bio Chp 2 2

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AP Biology Reading Guide Chapter 2: The Chemical Context of Life Fred and Theresa Holtzclaw Copyright ? 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. - 1 - Name_______________________Period___________ Chapter 2: The Chemical Context of Life This chapter covers the basics that you may have learned in your chemistry class. Whether your teacher goes over this chapter, or assigns it for you do review on your own, the questions that follow should help you focus on the most important points. Concept 2.1 Matter consists of chemical elements in pure form and in combinations called compounds 1. Define and give an example of the following terms: matter element compound 2. What four elements make up 96% of all living matter?

Ap Bio Chp 2

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AP Biology Reading Guide Chapter 2: The Chemical Context of Life Fred and Theresa Holtzclaw Copyright ? 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. - 1 - Name_______________________Period___________ Chapter 2: The Chemical Context of Life This chapter covers the basics that you may have learned in your chemistry class. Whether your teacher goes over this chapter, or assigns it for you do review on your own, the questions that follow should help you focus on the most important points. Concept 2.1 Matter consists of chemical elements in pure form and in combinations called compounds 1. Define and give an example of the following terms: matter element compound 2. What four elements make up 96% of all living matter?

quiz 1

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Proton

ion

Neutron

Evolution is biology?s core theme that ties together all the other themes. Which of the following is not explained by the theory of evolution? a. The unity and diversity of life. b. How organisms become adapted to their environment through the differential reproductive success of varying individuals. c. Why distantly related organisms sometime resemble each other. d. How the first living cells were formed. e. How humans have descended from common ancestors shared with other primate species. Which of the following is necessary for cell survival? a. Reading of the DNA sequence to produce proteins. b. Response to environmental conditions. c. Obtain and process energy. d. Both A and C are true. e. All of the above are true.

cell bi chapter 1/2

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Physics

ion

Atom

Chapter One Characteristics of living organisms Consist of one or more cells Unicellular organisms (1) A single cell carries out all the functions of life Multicellular organisms Made of many specialized cells Consist of genetic information DNA Info molecule Passed on during cell division Composed of nucleotides Genetic code Gene Specific segment of DNA molecule Contains info to make proteins Proteins Control chemical reactions Cell/organism structure and function Use genetic information to reproduce Use genetic information for growth and development Can extract energy from the environment and use it to do biological work Can convert molecules obtained from their environment into new biological molecules Can respond to environmental changes

AP Biology Basic Chemistry

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