Theoretical chemistry

Rating:

No votes yet

Tags:

Wave–particle duality

Atomic Structure Atomic structure of an atom based on energy relative to size of an electron can be measured with Einstein?s formula of e=mc2. However, energy of an electron within an atom based on how long a wavelength takes to pass can be determined with the formula of constant= wavelength x frequency. Electromagnetic Radiation is described with wavelike energy with both magnetic and electrical properties. Waves of electrons (atoms) are within radiation additionally wave measurements can be made with the wavelength, frequency, and the speed of light (constant). Wavelength= Indicated with lambda, described as the length of a wave from one crest to another. Frequency= Measured in Hz (1/s), the number of waves that pass per second

AP Chemistry Zumdahl 7E Chapter 7 Notes

Subject:

Rating:

No votes yet

Tags:

Principal quantum number

Ionization energy

Bohr model

AP Chemistry A. Allan Chapter 7 Notes - Atomic Structure and Periodicity 7.1 Electromagnetic Radiation A. Types of EM Radiation (wavelengths in meters) 10-12 10-10 10-8 4 to 7x10-7 10-4 10-2 1 102 104 Wavelength increases Frequency decreases Energy decreases Speed is constant = 2.9979 x 108 m/sec B. Properties of EM Waves 1. Wavelength (l) a. Distance between two consecutive peaks or troughs in a wave b. Measured in meters (SI system) 2. Frequency (n) a. Number of waves that pass a given point per second b. Measured in hertz (sec-1) 3. Speed ( c ) a. Measured in meters/sec 4. Relationship of properties a. c=nl gamma xrays UV visible IR micro Radio waves FM short AM 7.2 The Nature of Matter

Principles of Chemistry Chapter 8

Subject:

Rating:

No votes yet

Tags:

Chemical bonding

Quantum chemistry

Chemical properties

intermolecular forces

Polymer

Chapter 8: Molecules and Materials Section 8.2: Condensed Phases--Solids Monday, October 13, 2014 1:00 PM Arrangements of Solids: ? Crystalline solid - solids with regular, repeating geometric arrangements of atoms, ions, or molecules Amorphous solids - noncrystalline solid with random arrangement of atoms or molecules ? **crystalline solids are more common and well-known ? Arrangements can be thought of as packing marbles together in a box (especially since atoms are spherical) We can reduce space between atoms--but not eliminate it--by rearranging the atoms in the structure "packing efficiency" - percentage of total volume that is actually occupied by atoms in a crystal lattice Affected by density of the material ? ? ? Types of Structures ? ? Cubic Crystal lattices: ? ? ?

Bob Jones PPT Notes -- Chapter 4b

Subject:

Rating:

No votes yet

Tags:

Physics

electron configuration

Block

The Electron Structure of the Atom The quantum model emphasizes the wave nature of electrons. The Quantum Model Quantum numbers are solutions to the wave equations of electrons. Scientists use a set of 4 quantum numbers to determine an electron?s location around an atom. Quantum Numbers Electrons exist in principal energy levels that correspond to Bohr?s orbits: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ? Principal energy levels are divided into 4 types of sublevels: s, p, d, and f. Where are the Electrons? The sublevels contain orbitals. Each orbital can hold up to two electrons. Where are the Electrons? Identifies the principal energy level Correlates to Bohr?s orbits n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 for the ground state e?. The total number of e? in a level is 2n2. Principal Quantum Number (n) Level Total # e? 1

Chemistry The central science Summary Chapter 6

Subject:

Rating:

No votes yet

Tags:

Physics

Atomic orbital

electron configuration

Hot Objects and the Quantization of Energy Heated solids emit radiation (blackbody radiation) The wavelength distribution depends on the temperature (i.e., ?red hot? objects are cooler than ?white hot? objects). In 1900 Max Planck solved the problem He investigated black body radiation. He proposed that energy can only be absorbed or released from atoms in ?chucks? of some minimum size . These amounts are called quanta. A quantum (meaning ?fixed amount?) is the smallest amount of energy that can be emitted or absorbed as electromagnetic radiation. The relationship between energy and frequency is: . The Photoelectric Effect and Photons The photoelectric effect provides evidence for the particle nature of light and for quantization.

Chapter 7

Subject:

Rating:

No votes yet

Tags:

Physics

atoms

electron

Energy level

Atomic orbital

Azimuthal quantum number

Aufbau principle

Technology

Claire Rafson Chapter 7: Atomic Structure and Periodicity 7.1- 7.3 Wavelength and frequency are inversely related C= speed of light = 2.9979 X 10^8 m/s Photoelectric effect- Einstein. Phenomenon in which electrons are emitted from the surgace of a metal when light strikes it. E=mc^2 ?. M= mass Dual nature of light Diffraction- light is scattered from a regular array of points or lines. Change in E= hv 7.4- quantum model- made by Bohr. Model for the hydrogen atom. Electron in a hydrogen atom moves around the nucleus only in certain orbits. Ground state- lowest possible energy state. 7.5- quantum mechanical model- Heisenberg, Broglie, and Schrodinger probability distribution- intensity of color is used to indicate probability value near a given point in space. 7.6-

The Chemistry Of Life

Subject:

Rating:

No votes yet

Tags:

Chemical bond

Valence electron

#AP Biology #AP Bio #Biology

Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life Elements and Compounds An element is a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions A compound is a substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio Sodium Chlorine Sodium chloride Essential Elements of Life Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen make up 96% of living matter Trace elements are those required by an organism in minute quantities LE 2-3 Nitrogen deficiency Iodine deficiency LE 2-4 Nucleus Electrons Cloud of negative charge (2 electrons) Atomic Number and Atomic Mass Atoms of the various elements differ in number of subatomic particles Atomic number Mass number Atomic mass Isotopes Atoms of an element have the same number of protons but may differ in number of neutrons

The Chemistry Of Life

Subject:

Rating:

No votes yet

Tags:

Atomic physics

Chemical bond

ion

#AP Bio #CampbellBiology

Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life Elements and Compounds An element is a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions A compound is a substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio Sodium Chlorine Sodium chloride Essential Elements of Life Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen make up 96% of living matter Trace elements are those required by an organism in minute quantities LE 2-3 Nitrogen deficiency Iodine deficiency LE 2-4 Nucleus Electrons Cloud of negative charge (2 electrons) Atomic Number and Atomic Mass Atoms of the various elements differ in number of subatomic particles Atomic number Mass number Atomic mass Isotopes Atoms of an element have the same number of protons but may differ in number of neutrons

Campbell Reece 8th Edition Test bank chapter 2

Subject:

Rating:

No votes yet

Tags:

Hydrogen bond

Covalent bond

Technology

Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life 1) About 25 of the 92 natural elements are known to be essential to life. Which four of these 25 elements make up approximately 96% of living matter?? A) carbon, sodium, chlorine, nitrogen? B) carbon, sulfur, phosphorus, hydrogen? C) oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, sodium? D) carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen? E) carbon, oxygen, sulfur, calcium? Answer: ?D? Topic: ?Concept 2.1? Skill: ?Knowledge/Comprehension 2) Trace elements are those required by an organism in only minute quantities. Which of the following is a trace element that is required by humans and other vertebrates?? A) nitrogen? B) calcium? C) iodine? D) sodium? E) phosphorus? Answer: ?C? Topic: ?Concept 2.1? Skill: ?Knowledge/Comprehension

Chapter 2 power points. Campbell Biology, 9th edition

Subject:

Rating:

No votes yet

SocialTags:

Duroia

Ant

Jane Reece

Neil Campbell

Formic acid

Health

Tags:

Chemical bond

Valence electron

Lewis structure

ion