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Chapter 17 powerpoint

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Biology
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Gene expression
Protein biosynthesis
Molecular biology
RNA
Translation
Prokaryotic translation
Transfer RNA
Messenger RNA
Transcription
Ribosome
Non-coding RNA
Gene product

Chapter 17 From Gene to Protein Overview: The Flow of Genetic Information The information content of DNA is in the form of specific sequences of nucleotides The DNA inherited by an organism leads to specific traits by dictating the synthesis of proteins Proteins are the links between genotype and phenotype Gene expression, the process by which DNA directs protein synthesis, includes two stages: transcription and translation Copyright ? 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Fig. 17-1 Concept 17.1: Genes specify proteins via transcription and translation How was the fundamental relationship between genes and proteins discovered? Copyright ? 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

AP bio exam review

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Biology
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Molecular biology
cellular respiration
cell
Adenosine triphosphate
metabolism
Gene expression
Transcription
mitochondrion
Translation
DNA Replication
Chloroplast
organelle

Page 1 AP Biology: 2013 Exam Review AP BIOLOGY EXAM REVIEW GUIDE ?The price of success is hard work, dedication to the job at hand, and the determination that whether we win or lose, we have applied the best of ourselves to the task at hand.? Page 2 AP Biology: 2013 Exam Review CONCEPT 1 - BIOCHEMISTRY 1. CHNOPS- most common elements in all living matter 2. Bonds- ionic (transfer electrons), covalent (sharing- polar/unequal sharing and non-polar/equal sharing), hydrogen (weak bonds between hydrogen and negatively charged items), hydrophobic interactions (how non-polar compounds congregate together- lipids) 3. pH a. acid-base/ 0-14, # of H ions determines scale; logarithmic- pH 3 = 10-3 = 1/1000

Pearson Ch. 17 - From Gene to Protein

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Biology
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Gene expression
Molecular biology
Protein biosynthesis
RNA
Molecular genetics
Translation
Messenger RNA
Transfer RNA
Transcription
Ribosome
Genetic code
Primary transcript

Ch 17 - From Gene to Protein Overview: The Flow of Genetic Information The information content of DNA is in the form of specific sequences of nucleotides The DNA inherited by an organism leads to specific traits by dictating the synthesis of proteins Proteins are the links between genotype and phenotype Gene expression, the process by which DNA directs protein synthesis, includes two stages: transcription and translation Concept 17.1: Genes specify proteins via transcription and translation Genes specify proteins via transcription and translation How was the fundamental relationship between genes and proteins discovered? Evidence from the Study of Metabolic Defects

ap_bio_chap_15_gene_regulation.ppt

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Biology
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Gene expression
Regulation of gene expression
Operon
Transcription
Regulator gene
Trp operon
Primary transcript
Post-transcriptional regulation
Non-coding RNA
Promoter
MicroRNA
Tryptophan repressor

0 15 Regulation of Gene Expression Overview: Differential Expression of Genes Prokaryotes and eukaryotes alter gene expression in response to their changing environment Multicellular eukaryotes also develop and maintain multiple cell types Gene expression is often regulated at the transcription stage, but control at other stages is important, too Concept 15.1: Bacteria often respond to environmental change by regulating transcription Natural selection has favored bacteria that produce only the gene products needed by the cell A cell can regulate the production of enzymes by feedback inhibition or by gene regulation Gene expression in bacteria is controlled by a mechanism described as the operon model Regulation of gene expression Precursor trpE gene (a) Regulation of enzyme

ap_bio_chap_14_transcription_translation.ppt

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Biology
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Gene expression
Protein biosynthesis
Molecular biology
RNA
Molecular genetics
Translation
Transfer RNA
Prokaryotic translation
Ribosome
Messenger RNA
Transcription
Genetic code

0 14 Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein Overview: The Flow of Genetic Information The information content of genes is in the form of specific sequences of nucleotides in DNA The DNA inherited by an organism leads to specific traits by dictating the synthesis of proteins Proteins are the links between genotype and phenotype Gene expression, the process by which DNA directs protein synthesis, includes two stages: transcription and translation Concept 14.1: Genes specify proteins via transcription and translation How was the fundamental relationship between genes and proteins discovered? Evidence from the Study of Metabolic Defects In 1902, British physician Archibald Garrod first suggested that genes dictate phenotypes through enzymes that catalyze specific chemical reactions

Intro to Microbiology, Part 1/3 Study Guide

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Molecular biology
Gene expression
DNA Replication
Genetics
RNA
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DNA
Primer
Messenger RNA
Primase
Protein biosynthesis
Gene

Chelsea Claverie MCB 1310 February 10, 2015 Exam 1 Review: DNA polymerase ? involved in the replication of DNA, requires a ?primer? to initiate a new strand of DNA, faster at synthesis RNA Polymerase ? involved in transcription of DNA to mRNA, does not require a primer to start a new strand of RNA and will stop transcription with it encounters a stop codon

Gene Regulation

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Gene expression
biochemistry
Promoter
Transcriptional regulation
Transcription
Enhancer
TATA box
RNA polymerase
Gene
TATA-binding protein
Regulation of gene expression
health

Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes The latest estimates are that a human cell, a eukaryotic cell, contains some 21,000 genes. Some of these are expressed in all cells all the time. These so-called housekeeping genes are responsible for the routine metabolic functions (e.g. respiration) common to all cells. Some are expressed as a cell enters a particular pathway of differentiation. Some are expressed all the time in only those cells that have differentiated in a particular way. For example, a plasma cell expresses continuously the genes for the antibody it synthesizes. Some are expressed only as conditions around and in the cell change. For example, the arrival of a hormone may turn on (or off) certain genes in that cell.

From Gene to Protein

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Biology
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Biology
Genetics
RNA
Gene expression
Protein biosynthesis
Molecular biology
Messenger RNA
Translation
Ribosome
Genetic code
Gene
Transcription
health

Chapter 17: From Gene to Protein Concepts 17.5 ? 6 are not required knowledge from the AP Exam and are intentionally omitted. Overview: The Flow of Genetic Information the information content of DNA is in the form of specific sequences of nucleotides along the DNA strands the DNA inherited by an organism leads to specific traits by dictating the synthesis of proteins the process by which DNA directs protein synthesis, gene expression, includes two stages: transcription and translation the ribosome is part of the cellular machinery for translation, polypeptide synthesis Concept 17.1: Genes specify proteins via transcription and translation Evidence from the Metabolic Defects

Campbell Biology 9th Edition Chapters 14-18 Study Guide

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Gene
RNA polymerase
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DNA
Dominance
Translation
health

Chapters 14 and 15 Gregor Mendel Studied traits that occur in distinct forms Developed true-breeding varieties When bred amongst themselves, by self-fertilization, these plants produced offspring identical to the parent for that trait No variation in that one trait Used mathematical analysis in his studies Findings related mainly to plants, not humans Definitions Gametes: reproductive cells produced by sexually-reproducing organisms Two types: Male gametes=sperm In plants: contained in pollen Female gametes=eggs In plants, contained in ovules, which mature to seeds when fertilized Ovules contained in carpels Fertilization Fertilization: fusion of egg and sperm Self-fertilized: fusion of sperm and egg from same plant

AP Biology Chapter 18 Notes Campbell/Reece

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Biology
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Biology
Gene expression
Transcriptional regulation
Regulation of gene expression
Tryptophan repressor
Operon
Trp operon
Lac operon
Transcription factor
Transcription
Regulator gene
Post-transcriptional regulation
health

Chapter 18 Regulation of Gene Expression Conducting the Genetic Orchestra Cells precisely regulate their gene expression. Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes must alter thaier patterns of gene expression in response to changes in the environment. Remember, each cell contains the same genetic information, but the liver cell and brain cell express very different proteins, etc. This chapter will look at how cells (bacteria, eukayotes, etc.) regulate expression of their genes. Point: in eukaryotes, the expression of a gene is often regulated at the level of transcription. Learn this. Point: disruptions in gene regulation can lead to cancer 18.1 Bacteria often respond to environmental change by regulating Transcription

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