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Protein biosynthesis

Chapter 17 powerpoint

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Gene expression
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Chapter 17 From Gene to Protein Overview: The Flow of Genetic Information The information content of DNA is in the form of specific sequences of nucleotides The DNA inherited by an organism leads to specific traits by dictating the synthesis of proteins Proteins are the links between genotype and phenotype Gene expression, the process by which DNA directs protein synthesis, includes two stages: transcription and translation Copyright ? 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Fig. 17-1 Concept 17.1: Genes specify proteins via transcription and translation How was the fundamental relationship between genes and proteins discovered? Copyright ? 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

Pearson Ch. 17 - From Gene to Protein

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Ribosome
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Ch 17 - From Gene to Protein Overview: The Flow of Genetic Information The information content of DNA is in the form of specific sequences of nucleotides The DNA inherited by an organism leads to specific traits by dictating the synthesis of proteins Proteins are the links between genotype and phenotype Gene expression, the process by which DNA directs protein synthesis, includes two stages: transcription and translation Concept 17.1: Genes specify proteins via transcription and translation Genes specify proteins via transcription and translation How was the fundamental relationship between genes and proteins discovered? Evidence from the Study of Metabolic Defects

ap_bio_chap_14_transcription_translation.ppt

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Gene expression
Protein biosynthesis
Molecular biology
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Transfer RNA
Prokaryotic translation
Ribosome
Messenger RNA
Transcription
Genetic code

0 14 Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein Overview: The Flow of Genetic Information The information content of genes is in the form of specific sequences of nucleotides in DNA The DNA inherited by an organism leads to specific traits by dictating the synthesis of proteins Proteins are the links between genotype and phenotype Gene expression, the process by which DNA directs protein synthesis, includes two stages: transcription and translation Concept 14.1: Genes specify proteins via transcription and translation How was the fundamental relationship between genes and proteins discovered? Evidence from the Study of Metabolic Defects In 1902, British physician Archibald Garrod first suggested that genes dictate phenotypes through enzymes that catalyze specific chemical reactions

Intro to Microbiology, Part 1/3 Study Guide

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DNA Replication
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DNA
Primer
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Protein biosynthesis
Gene

Chelsea Claverie MCB 1310 February 10, 2015 Exam 1 Review: DNA polymerase ? involved in the replication of DNA, requires a ?primer? to initiate a new strand of DNA, faster at synthesis RNA Polymerase ? involved in transcription of DNA to mRNA, does not require a primer to start a new strand of RNA and will stop transcription with it encounters a stop codon

From Gene to Protein

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health

Chapter 17: From Gene to Protein Concepts 17.5 ? 6 are not required knowledge from the AP Exam and are intentionally omitted. Overview: The Flow of Genetic Information the information content of DNA is in the form of specific sequences of nucleotides along the DNA strands the DNA inherited by an organism leads to specific traits by dictating the synthesis of proteins the process by which DNA directs protein synthesis, gene expression, includes two stages: transcription and translation the ribosome is part of the cellular machinery for translation, polypeptide synthesis Concept 17.1: Genes specify proteins via transcription and translation Evidence from the Metabolic Defects

AP Bio Campbell 7E Chapter 17 Test Bank

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Ch 17 Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. Garrod hypothesized that "inborn errors of metabolism" such as alkaptonuria occur because a. genes dictate the production of specific enzymes, and affected individuals have genetic defects that cause them to lack certain enzymes. b. enzymes are made of DNA, and affected individuals lack DNA polymerase. c. many metabolic enzymes use DNA as a cofactor, and affected individuals have mutations that prevent their enzymes from interacting efficiently with DNA. d. certain metabolic reactions are carried out by ribozymes, and affected individuals lack key splicing factors. e.

DNA and Genes

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DNA and Genes (Extended Notes) DNA: The Molecule of Heredity What is DNA? An organism?s environment influences how an organism develops, but the organism?s DNA holds the genetic information and determines its traits. DNA achieves this by controlling the structure of proteins. Your body is made up of proteins Your body?s functions depend on proteins called enzymes In the 1950s scientists thought protein was the genetic material In 1952 Hershey and Chase infected bacteria with radioactive viruses (one was radioactive protein & the other was radioactive DNA) Only the radioactive DNA entered the bacteria and produced new viruses DNA is a complex organic molecule called a polymer. The monomers, or repeating subunits, that make up DNA are called nucleotides.

Campbell Biology 9th Edition Chapters 14-18 Study Guide

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Chapters 14 and 15 Gregor Mendel Studied traits that occur in distinct forms Developed true-breeding varieties When bred amongst themselves, by self-fertilization, these plants produced offspring identical to the parent for that trait No variation in that one trait Used mathematical analysis in his studies Findings related mainly to plants, not humans Definitions Gametes: reproductive cells produced by sexually-reproducing organisms Two types: Male gametes=sperm In plants: contained in pollen Female gametes=eggs In plants, contained in ovules, which mature to seeds when fertilized Ovules contained in carpels Fertilization Fertilization: fusion of egg and sperm Self-fertilized: fusion of sperm and egg from same plant

DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis

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nucleic acids
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Uracil
Adenine
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DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis DNA -The species-particular DNA sequences produce the species-particular proteins -Genes code for proteins -Genes are long strands of DNA of chromosomes WHAT IS DNA? -DNA is genetic code -Instructions for heredity -Components of genes -Director of protein synthesis -A type of nucleic acid -A type of organic compound -A polymer {a compound made of repeating subunits} DNA'S PROPER NAME IS -Deoxyribonucleic acid -Consists of a ribose sugar with a "missing oxygen" (thats the de-oxy part) -And it's found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cell STRUCTURE OF DNA -A nucleotide of DNA is the base unit -A nucleotide consists of a phosphate, a sugar, and a nitrogen base DNA IS A DOUBLE STRAND -The nitrogen bases have compliment partners

AP Biology Chapter 17 Notes Campbell/Reece

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Spliceosome
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Transfer RNA
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Precursor mRNA

AP Biology Chapter 17 (17.3 and 17.4) 17.3 Eukaryotic cells modify RNA after transcription RNA Processing: in the nucleus ? before it is sent out to the cytoplasm. both ends of the primary transcript are altered certain interior sections are cut out A. Alternation of mRNA Ends (Figure 17.9) Both ends of the mRNA are modified in a particular way 5prime end ? 5prime cap made of modified form of a Guanine nucleotide 3prime end ? poly A tail - 50 to 250 Adenine (A) nucleotides are added. Remember, the mRNA is released soon after the signal AAUAAA is transcribed. So even more A is added on after that. Functions of 5prime cap and poly A tail: facilitate export of the mature mRNA from the nucleus protect the mRNA from degradation by hydrolytic enzymes.

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