Chemical properties

Principles of Chemistry Chapter 6

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electron configuration

electron

Aufbau principle

Hund's rule of maximum multiplicity

Bohr model

Chapter 6: The Periodic Table & Atomic Structure Section 6.2: The Electromagnetic Spectrum Monday, September 15, 2014 3:06 PM Visible Light - portion of electromagnetic spectrum that we can see, typically with wavelengths between 400 / 700 nanometers ? Electromagnetic Spectrum - various forms of light, consisting of oscillating electric and magnetic fields ? ? ? The Wave Nature of Light ? Wavelength - distance between corresponding points on a wave Amplitude - height of the wave from equilibrium position Frequency - number of cycles of a wave passing a certain point per second (measured in Hz) **note: amplitude corresponds with brightness, wavelength and frequency correspond with color ? Speed of light ( c ) : c = lamda x v = wavelength x frequency ? The Particulate Nature of Light

Principles of Chemistry Chapter 3

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Chemistry

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Chemical properties

Solutions

Equilibrium chemistry

Mole

Chapter 3: Molecules and Chem Equations Section 3.2: Chemical Formulas and Equations Monday, September 8, 2014 2:44 PM Chemical Equations: symbolic representation of a chemical reaction Left side: reactants (original materials) Right side: products (compounds formed from reaction) ? Notation: Reaction w/ heat is indicated by delta Reaction w/ light energy is indicated by hv (called a photochemical reaction) ? Hints: Balance elements that occur in only one compound on each side first Balance free elements last Balance polyatomic ions as groups ? Balancing Chemical Equations Remember LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MATTER Stoichiometry: study of relationships between reactants and products in a chemical reaction (numbers in chem equations are stoichiometric coefficients) ?

Atomic Structure Notes

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Chemistry

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Mass

Isotope

Atom

Proton

Relative atomic mass

Chemical element

Pre-AP Chemistry 1 Chapter ________ Name _____________________________ Period ______ I. Historical Development (3-1) x particle theory of matter first proposed by ________________________ in 400 BC ? named the basic particle the ?_______________?, which means ____________________ in Greek x by 1700?s most scientists accepted definition of an _____________ as a substance that cannot be broken down by ordinary ________________ means x also accepted that _______________ combine to form ________________ x _______________________: the transformation of a substance or substances into 1 or more

Atomic Radius

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Chemistry

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Physics

ions

Atomic Radius: The atomic radius is the size of the atom of an element. The values decrease. Yes, they both decrease. The atomic radius increases. Yes, but they increase at a slower rate. Ionic Radius: An atom becomes a cation when an atom loses electrons in a reaction. An atom becomes an anion when it gains electrons in a reaction. The cations? values decrease. The anion?s values also decrease. Yes, their trends are the same. The ionic radius value increases. Yes, they also increase. Electronegativity: Electronegativity is the measurement of an element?s tendency to react with electrons in a chemical bond. The values greatly increase. Yes, they both increase. The values slowly decrease. No, because only one number in group 18 is plotted.

cell bi chapter 1/2

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Biology

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Physics

ion

Atom

Chapter One Characteristics of living organisms Consist of one or more cells Unicellular organisms (1) A single cell carries out all the functions of life Multicellular organisms Made of many specialized cells Consist of genetic information DNA Info molecule Passed on during cell division Composed of nucleotides Genetic code Gene Specific segment of DNA molecule Contains info to make proteins Proteins Control chemical reactions Cell/organism structure and function Use genetic information to reproduce Use genetic information for growth and development Can extract energy from the environment and use it to do biological work Can convert molecules obtained from their environment into new biological molecules Can respond to environmental changes

atomic structure

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Atomic Structure Definitions ? Acceleration ? The stage of mass spectrometry during which the movement of the ions of the sample is speeded up using a series of negatively-charged plates. ? Atomic number ? The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of an element. Represented by the symbol Z. Also called the proton number. ? Deflection ? The stage of mass spectrometry during which the beam of ions is bent by a particular amount, depending on its mass-to-charge ratio. This is achieved using an electromagnet. ? Detection ? The stage of mass spectrometry during which the ions strike a collector plate, producing a mass spectrum for analysis. ? Diatomic ? A molecule consisting of two atoms. ? Electromagnet ? The part of a mass spectrometer responsible for the

Chapter 8

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Chemistry

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Chemistry 1210: Introduction to General Chemistry Dr. Gina M. Florio 05 November 2012 Jespersen, Brady & Hyslop Chapter 8 The Quantum Mechanical Atom Quantum Mechanics Ch. 8.1 The physics that describes objects with wave-particle duality is called quantum mechanics or quantum theory. In the late 1800?s, scientists discovered that electrons acted like tiny charged particles in some experiments and waves in others. Quantum mechanics accurately describes the structure and reactivity of atoms and molecules. Electromagnetic Radiation Ch. 8.1 Energy can be transferred as heat or as light. Electromagnetic radiation can be carried energy through space in the form of electromagnetic waves.

Chapter 7

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Chemistry 1210: Introduction to General Chemistry Dr. Gina M. Florio 18 October 2012 Brady, Jespersen, Hyslop Chapter 7 Energy & Chemical Change Thermochemistry: the study of energy flow during a chemical reaction Ch. 7.1 Energy: the ability to do work; often measured as heat Kinetic Energy: the energy of motion; KE = ?mv2 Potential Energy: stored or positional energy; chemical energy (no simple eqn.) Conservation of Energy: 1. Energy cannot be created or destroyed 2. Energy is only converted from one form to another (KE ? PE) 3. Total energy of the universe (or an isolated system) is constant Thermochemistry: Basic Definitions Units of Energy 1 Joule (J) ? the KE possessed by a 2 kg object moving at a velocity of 1 m/s 1 cal = 4.184 J (exactly) 1 kcal = 4.184 kJ

Chapter 4

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Chemistry 1210: General Chemistry Dr. Gina M. Florio 13 September 2012 Jespersen, Brady, Hyslop, Chapter 4 The Mole and Stoichiometry CHE 1210 Lecture Slides G.M. Florio 1 Conversion Factors Conversion Factor ? relates one quantity to another ? used to convert between two units in chemistry What is my height in centimeters (cm) if I am 5 feet 4 inches tall? 1. How many inches are in a foot? 2. How many inches are in a centimeter? 12 inches = 1 foot 1 inch = 2.54 cm Factor Label Method The factor-label method, or dimensional analysis lets us treat a numerical problem as one involving a conversion from one kind of units to another using conversion factors.

Chapter 12a

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Chemistry

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Chemistry 1220: Introduction to General Chemistry Dr. Gina M. Florio 08 Dec. 2012 Jespersen, Brady, Hyslop Chapter 12.1-12.5 Intermolecular Attractions and the Properties of Liquids and Solids 1 Phases of Matter Intermolecular Interactions (interactions between molecules) determine the physical properties/states of matter . Important differences between gases, solids, and liquids: Gases Expand to fill their container Liquids Retain volume, but not shape Solids Retain volume and shape Types of Intermolecular Interactions Dipole-Dipole (including Hydrogen Bonding) Ion-Dipole Dispersion (Induced Dipole-Induced Dipole) Ion-Induced Dipole Intermolecular Interactions (interactions between molecules):

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Principles of Chemistry Chapter 6

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