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Chemical bonding

Campbell Bio 9e Test 2

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Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life This chapter presents basic chemical principles for understanding the chemical context of living organisms, from atomic structure to the nature of chemical bonds and an introduction to chemical equilibrium. These questions focus on elements most important to life or the study of life, including the elements that comprise organic molecules and important trace elements. Some isotopes are important in geologic dating and in biological tracer studies. How elements participate in forming different types of chemical bonds is essential to mastering subsequent topics on the behavior and properties of biological molecules, structures, and energy metabolism. Multiple-Choice Questions

Campbell Reece 8th Edition Test bank chapter 2

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Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life 1) About 25 of the 92 natural elements are known to be essential to life. Which four of these 25 elements make up approximately 96% of living matter?? A) carbon, sodium, chlorine, nitrogen? B) carbon, sulfur, phosphorus, hydrogen? C) oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, sodium? D) carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen? E) carbon, oxygen, sulfur, calcium? Answer: ?D? Topic: ?Concept 2.1? Skill: ?Knowledge/Comprehension 2) Trace elements are those required by an organism in only minute quantities. Which of the following is a trace element that is required by humans and other vertebrates?? A) nitrogen? B) calcium? C) iodine? D) sodium? E) phosphorus? Answer: ?C? Topic: ?Concept 2.1? Skill: ?Knowledge/Comprehension

Bond Enthalpy

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? John Erickson, 2005 WS16-2BondEnergy example H2 (g) + F2 (g) ? 2HF ?Hrxn = [energy used for breaking bonds] ? [energy formed in making bonds] [436 kJ/mol + 155 kJ/mol] ? [2(567 kJ/mol)] = ? 543 kJ/mol Bond energy is defined as the amount of energy required to break a bond. These values are positive, indicating that bond breaking is endothermic. Bond energies are reported in kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol). The energy for breaking a hydrogen-hydrogen bond is 436 kJ/mol so when a hydrogen-hydrogen bond is formed the process releases 436 kJ/mol. In a chemical reaction several bonds are broken and formed. For example in the reaction below a hydrogen-hydrogen bond is broken and a fluorine-fluorine bond is broken.

Campbell Biology 9th All multiple choice Chp 2.

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Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life This chapter presents basic chemical principles for understanding the chemical context of living organisms, from atomic structure to the nature of chemical bonds and an introduction to chemical equilibrium. These questions focus on elements most important to life or the study of life, including the elements that comprise organic molecules and important trace elements. Some isotopes are important in geologic dating and in biological tracer studies. How elements participate in forming different types of chemical bonds is essential to mastering subsequent topics on the behavior and properties of biological molecules, structures, and energy metabolism. Multiple-Choice Questions

chapter 11 intermolecular forces, liquids, and solids

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? 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc. Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO Chemistry, The Central Science, 11th edition Theodore L. Brown, H. Eugene LeMay, Jr., and Bruce E. Bursten ? 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc. ? 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc. States of Matter The fundamental difference between states of matter is the distance between particles. ? 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc. ? 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc. States of Matter Because in the solid and liquid states particles are closer together, we refer to them as condensed phases. ? 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc. ? 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc. The States of Matter The state a substance is in at a particular temperature and pressure depends on two antagonistic entities:

chemistry midterm review

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Name: ________________________ Class: ___________________ Date: __________ ID: A 1 MIDTERM REVIEW Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. Inorganic chemistry is the study of a. non-carbon related compounds. b. the chemistry of living things. c. mathematical modeling. d. the identification of the composition of materials. ____ 2. A student recorded the following while completing an experiment. Color of substance: yellow, shiny powder Effect of magnet: yellow, shiny powder was attracted The student should classify the substance as a(n) a. element. c. mixture. b. compound. d. plasma. ____ 3. Which of the following is not a physical change? a. grinding c. boiling b. cutting d. burning

chemical bonding review

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Name: ________________________ Class: ___________________ Date: __________ ID: A 1 CH 6 Review Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. The electrostatic attraction between positively charged nuclei and negatively charged electrons permits two atoms to be held together by a(n) a. chemical bond. c. neutron. b. London force. d. ion. ____ 2. As atoms bond with each other, they a. increase their potential energy, thus creating less-stable arrangements of matter. b. decrease their potential energy, thus creating less-stable arrangements of matter. c. increase their potential energy, thus creating more-stable arrangements of matter. d. decrease their potential energy, thus creating more-stable arrangements of matter.

AP Bio Chapter 3 notes

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Chapter 3 ? Water & Fitness of the Environment Effect of Water?s Polarity Polarity of water causes hydrogen bonding Water is made up of 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen; held together by 1 covalent bond Oxygen is slightly negative and hydrogen is slightly positive ?> polarity Polarity causes hydrogen to be attracted to other oxygen molecules, creating hydrogen bonds; each molecule can be connected to 4 other molecules 4 properties of water Water?s cohesion Stabilization of temperature Expansion upon freezing Versatility as a solvent Cohesion of water molecules Hydrogen bonds keep water molecules sticking together - hydrogen bonds are very weak; they form and reform with great frequency Cohesion: the process in which hydrogen bonds hold the substances together

Chapter 2 power points. Campbell Biology, 9th edition

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? 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson Lectures by Erin Barley Kathleen Fitzpatrick The Chemical Context of Life Chapter 2 Overview: A Chemical Connection to Biology ? Biology is a multidisciplinary science ? Living organisms are subject to basic laws of physics and chemistry ? One example is the use of formic acid by ants to maintain ?devil?s gardens,? stands of Duroia trees ? 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 2.2 Duroia tree Devil?s garden Cedrela sapling Inside, unprotected Inside, protected Insect barrier Outside, protected Outside, unprotected EXPERIMENT

Campbell Biology Chapter 2 outline

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SUBATOMIC PARTICLES Proton ? 1 positive charge (P+) Neutron ? no charge (N0) Electron ? 1 negative charge (E+) Nucleus An atom's dense central core, containing protons and neutrons. Electrons move around the nucleus Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space Elements Substance that cannot be broken down by a chemical reaction 92 occur naturally 25 of which are essential for life Bulk elements Required by the body in large amounts C N H O (make up 96% of the body) Trace elements Required by the body in small amounts Ultra trace elements Required by the body in minute amounts Atoms Smallest unit of matter that still retains properties of an element Weight Add proton and neutrons together for weight of nucleus Every proton and neutron weights one Dalton

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