Periodic table

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Chemical nomenclature

Ions

Chapter 7 7-1 symbol? an abbreviation for the name of the element Chemical formula? a type of notation made with numbers and chem. Symbols To indicate the composition of a compound To indicate the number of atoms in one molecule of an element molecule? a single atom, a group of 2+ atoms of the same element, or a group of atoms of different elements that have combined to form a compound Monoatomic molecules? molecules with one atom Diatomic molecules? two atom molecules Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine, fluorine, bromine, Iodine When writing the formula for a molecule of an element, write the number of atoms in each molecule as a subscript just after the symbol The formula of a compound tells 2 things: The element making up the compound

Periodic Table Notes

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Electrical resistivity and conductivity

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Atom

Halogen

Trends: 1. Across? ?the? ?period ? There? ?is? ?a? ?general? ?decrease? ?in? ?atomic? ?radius? ?across? ?the? ?period. - Across? ?a? ?period,? ?proton? ?number? ?increases? ?and? ?electrons? ?are? ?being? ?added? ?to? ?the? ?same? ?outermost principal? ?quantum? ?shell - Forces? ?of? ?attraction? ?between? ?the? ?valence? ?electron? ?and? ?nucleus? ?increases? ?as? ?nucleus? ?becomes more? ?positively? ?charged - Distance? ?between? ?the? ?valence? ?electron? ?and? ?nucleus? ?decreases. 2. Down? ?the? ?group ? There? ?is? ?a? ?general? ?increase? ?in? ?atomic? ?radius? ?down? ?the? ?group - Number? ?of? ?filled? ?principal? ?quantum? ?shell? ?increases

Campbell Biology Chapter 2 outline

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Biology

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Physics

Baryons

Neutron

Matter

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Physics

ion

Proton

#AP Bio #CampbellBiology #Chapter 2 #Outline

SUBATOMIC PARTICLES Proton ? 1 positive charge (P+) Neutron ? no charge (N0) Electron ? 1 negative charge (E+) Nucleus An atom's dense central core, containing protons and neutrons. Electrons move around the nucleus Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space Elements Substance that cannot be broken down by a chemical reaction 92 occur naturally 25 of which are essential for life Bulk elements Required by the body in large amounts C N H O (make up 96% of the body) Trace elements Required by the body in small amounts Ultra trace elements Required by the body in minute amounts Atoms Smallest unit of matter that still retains properties of an element Weight Add proton and neutrons together for weight of nucleus Every proton and neutron weights one Dalton

Chapter 3 Notes

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Biology

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Matter

Oxygen

Period

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BIOL 1020 - CHAPTER 2 LECTURE NOTES Chapter 2: The Chemical Context of Life You must understand chemistry to understand life (and to pass this course)! Elements and Atoms Elements ? substances that cannot be further broken down into other substances (at least by ordinary chemical reactions) every element has a chemical symbol (H for hydrogen, O for oxygen, etc.); this is most familiar from the periodic table Essential elements: elements that an organism needs to live. They are similar along different organism but there is some variation Trace element: elements that are required by an organism in only minute quantities E.g.: Iron (Trace) Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and Carbon(Essential elements)

Chapter 2: Chemical Units and Their Identities

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Abundance of the chemical elements

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Physics

Ion

Proton

ATOMS: - made of nucleus (protons (positive charge) and neutrons (neutral charge)) and electron cloud (electrons (negative charge) - smallest particle that still retains properties of element - atomic # - # of protons (unique to each element) (also # of electrons in neutral atoms) - mass # - # of protons + neutrons - atomic mass - actual (average) mass of atom (measured in daltons) - about mass # b/c electrons have very small mass compared to protons/neutrons - isotope - atom w/ more/less than usual # of neutrons ELECTRONS: - elemental form of element is when element is by itself - compound - joint of 2+ elements w/ own set of properties diff. from elements - elements in periodic table are arranged in atomic # and are in 18 columns (groups)

Essential Chemistry for Biology

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Biology

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Matter

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Oxygen

Essential Chemistry for Biology Chapter 2 1. There are 92 naturally occurring elements on Earth. What is an element? substances that cannot be broken down 2. Four of the elements oxygen, carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen make up about 96% of the weight of the human body. Oxygen is the most abundant element in the body. 3. Trace elements are required in very small amounts, but we cannot live without them. 4. Why is the trace element iodine important in the body? essential for hormone produced by thyroid gland 5. Why is the trace element fluoride important in the body? needed component of healthy bones and teeth 6. Know the chemical element for each of the following symbols: C; carbon H; hydrogen O; oxygen

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Human–computer interaction

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CNote

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Learning Log

Periodic Table

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Period

The periodic table is a very useful device for chemists and students to use. The periodic table is made of all of the elements that exist. For each element, the atomic number, atomic mass,the symbol, and the element name is in the periodic table. The Periodic table is organized in a way for us to easily tell which elements are metals, metalloids, or nonmetals. The state of the element is also sometimes included. The different groups (columns) have similiar characteristics with the other elements within the group. Group 1 is alkali metals, Group 2 is alkaline earth metals, Groups 3-12 are the transitional metals which also include the inner transition metals, Group 17 is the Halogens, and Group 18 is the noble gases.

Periodic Trends

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Periodic table

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Chemical element

Period

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Periodic Table of Elements

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Trend

Three Important Periodic Trends Definition of Periodic Trend: The tendency of a certain characteristic of an element to increase or decrease as they progresses along a period or group on the periodic table of elements Definition of Term Atomic Radius - One half the distance between the nuclei of identical atoms that are bonded together. Picometers (pm) Ionization Energy - The energy required to remove 1 electron from a neutral atom of an element. kiloJoules per Mole (kJ/mol) Electronegativity - The measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract the electrons of another atom in the compound. Trend Across the PT The atomic radii decreases as you move across each period, as you add more protons to help pull the electrons closer to the nucleus.

Periodic Table of Elements

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Periodic table