Chemical polarity

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Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life This chapter presents basic chemical principles for understanding the chemical context of living organisms, from atomic structure to the nature of chemical bonds and an introduction to chemical equilibrium. These questions focus on elements most important to life or the study of life, including the elements that comprise organic molecules and important trace elements. Some isotopes are important in geologic dating and in biological tracer studies. How elements participate in forming different types of chemical bonds is essential to mastering subsequent topics on the behavior and properties of biological molecules, structures, and energy metabolism. Multiple-Choice Questions

lewis structures shapes and polarity

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Lewis Structures, Shapes, and Polarity W 319 Draw Lewis structures and indicate polar or non-polar for ONE of the bonds (point to the bond you are naming): CH4 NCl3 CCl2F2 CF2H2 CH2O CHN PI3 N2O SO2 CS2 CO H2O COF2 N2 O2 H2 Cl2 HF O3 NI3 Everett Community College Student Support Services Program Lewis Structures, Shapes, and Polarity W 319 :(b) (c) : : : :H Cl (d) : :H H C H H : Cl N : :: Cl : Cl : : :: F C :: F : Cl : : :: F C H :: F : (e) (f) H C N (g) (h) : : : : : : :O C H H : l P l : : : :: l : : : :(i) (j) S C S : : : : : :S (k) C S (l) (m) C : : : :: F F (n)

lab polar or nonpolar using boiling points

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AP CHEM LAB: CHEMICAL BONDING ? POLAR OR NONPOLAR THEORY: ?Two atoms held together by the mutual attraction of each nucleus to valence shell electrons are said to be chemically bonded. The chemical bond can be represented by the overlap of the electron probability density map of an atomic orbital from each atom to form a molecular orbital capable of containing two electrons. Or said in English, a covalent bond can form. These electrons are shared between the respective atoms. However, the degree of sharing is not necessarily equal. The electronegativity of each atom can be used to approximate its attraction for the electrons and therefore the probability of finding the electrons closer to that nuclei.

water biofact sheet

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Oxides

Water

The Biological Importance of Water B io F actsheet September 1998 Number 30 1 Water is a polar molecule i.e. it has both positively charged and negatively charged areas. Water is made up of two positively charged hydrogen atoms and one negatively charged oxygen atom (Fig 1). Water (H2O) is the most abundant molecule in cells, whole organisms and on earth. This is a consequence of the unique physical and chemical properties of water. This Factsheet will briefly explain the significance of these physical and chemical properties, then discuss the primary roles of water in animals and plants. As a result of this polarity (the uneven distribution of charges), adjacent water molecules are attracted to and become bonded to each other. The

Campbell Biology 9th Edition Chapter 2

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ELEMENT ATOMIC # ATOMIC WEIGHT VALENCE ELECTRONS COVALENT BONDS H hydrogen 1 1 C carbon 6 12 N nitrogen 7 14 O oxygen 8 16 P phosphorus 15 31 S sulfur 16 32 1 4 5 6 5 6 1 4 3 2 3 2 SPONCH Facts CHAPTER 2: THE CHEMICAL CONTEXT OF LIFE Chapter 2: The Chemical Context of Life ?Devil?s Gardens? Overview: A Chemical Connection to Biology Biology is a multidisciplinary science Living organisms are subject to basic laws of physics and chemistry One example is the use of formic acid by ants to maintain ?devil?s gardens,? stands of Duroia trees Sodium Chlorine sodium chloride- a compound Elements and Compounds Matter is made up of elements An element is a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions

Ap Bio chap2_3 ppt

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Chemical properties

Intermolecular forces

The Chemistry of Life Why are we studying chemistry? Chemistry is the foundation of Biology Proton Neutron Electron Hydrogen 1 proton 1 electron Oxygen 8 protons 8 neutrons 8 electrons + 0 ? Everything is made of matter Matter is made of atoms The World of Elements C Different kinds of atoms = elements H O N P S Na K Mg Ca Life requires ~25 chemical elements About 25 elements are essential for life Four elements make up 96% of living matter: ? carbon (C) ? hydrogen (H) ? oxygen (O) ? nitrogen (N) Four elements make up most of remaining 4%: ? phosphorus (P) ? calcium (Ca) ? sulfur (S) ? potassium (K) Effect of electrons electrons determine chemical behavior of atom depends on number of electrons in atom?s outermost shell valence shell Bonding properties

Campbell Biology 9th Edition - Ch. 3 Water

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Atmospheric thermodynamics

Matter

Intermolecular forces

Oxides

Water

Water is Special Polarity There are two types of covalent bonds, polar and nonpolar While nonpolar molecules share electrons equally, polar molecules do not. This results in one part of the molecule being partially positive and another part being partially negative. 2 Student Misconceptions and Concerns

Organic Chemistry Lecture 2

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Antibonding molecular orbital

Orbital hybridisation

Pi bond

Delta bond

Chapter 2 ? 2010, Prentice Hall Organic Chemistry, 7th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr. Structure and Properties of Organic Molecules Chapter 2 * Wave Properties of Electrons Standing wave vibrates in fixed location. Wave function, ?, is a mathematical description of size, shape, and orientation. Amplitude may be positive or negative. Node: Amplitude is zero. Chapter 2 Chapter 2 * Wave Interactions Linear combination of atomic orbitals: between different atoms is bond formation. on the same atom is hybridization. Conservation of orbitals Waves that are in phase add together. Amplitude increases. Waves that are out of phase cancel out. Chapter 2 Chapter 2 * Sigma Bonding Electron density lies between the nuclei. A bond may be formed by s?s, p?p, s?p, or hybridized orbital overlaps.

Pearson Biology Guided Reading Answers Chapter 2

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Chemical properties

Supramolecular chemistry

Chapter 2: The Chemical Basis of Life 8 Copyright ? 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. name ________________________ Period _________ # 152826 Cust: Pearson Au: Reece Pg. No. 8 Title: Active Reading Guide for Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections, 8e C / M / Y / K Short / Normal DESIGN SERVICES OF S4-CARLISLE Publishing Services Chapter 2: The Chemical Basis of Life Guided Reading Activities Big idea: Elements, atom, and compounds Answer the following questions as you read modules 2.1?2.4: 1. Match the following terms with their correct definitions: matter, trace element, emergent properties, element, and compound. a. A substance required by humans in small quantities: _____________

Pearson Guided Reading Activities KEY CH2

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Chemical properties

Supramolecular chemistry