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Developmental biology

Solubility rules

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Solubility Rules 1. All common salts of the Group 1 elements and ammonium ion are soluble. 2. All common acetates and nitrates are soluble. 3. All binary compounds of Group 17 elements (other than F) with metals are soluble except those of silver, mercury(I), and lead. 4. All sulfates are soluble except those of barium, strontium, lead, calcium, silver and mercury(I). 5. Except for those in Rule 1, carbonates, oxides, sulfides, and phosphates are insoluble. 6. Oxides and peroxides are always written in molecular form. 7. Gases are always written in molecular form. 8. The only strong bases are the hydroxides of Group I & II metals except beryllium. 9. The only strong binary acids are those of chlorine, bromine, and iodine.

AP Bio_Cell division

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Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles Variations on a Theme * Offspring resemble their parents more than they do unrelated individuals * Heredity is the transmission of traits from one generation to the next * Variation is demonstrated by the differences in appearance that offspring show from parents and siblings * Genetics is the scientific study of heredity and variation Concept 13.1: Offspring acquire genes from parents by inheriting chromosomes * In a literal sense, children do not inherit particular physical traits from their parents * It is genes that are actually inherited Inheritance of Genes * Genes are the units of heredity and are made up of segments of DNA * Genes are passed to the next generation via reproductive cells called gametes (sperm and eggs)

Neural Development ppt

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A.1 Neural Development Paper 3 Topic I. Neural Tube Development a) The neural tube of embryonic chordates is formed by in folding of ectoderm followed by elongation of the tube. b) All chordates develop a dorsal nerve cord through a process called neurulation in early stages of development c) The cells located in a portion of the middle of the ectoderm (dorsally located) differentiate to form the neural plate d) The ectoderm is separated from the neural plate by the neural plate border I. Neural Tube Development-continued e) The cells of the neural plate change shape, causing the plate to bend inwards and form a groove. The border is now called the neural crest. f) The in folded neural crest closes and separates from ectoderm forming the neural tube

Module 10 part 1

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Doreen Pang Mrs. Trainor AP Psychology 8 November 2016 Module 10-1 Adolescence Adolescence: The transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence Due to improved nutrition ? sexual maturation occurs earlier nowadays Adolescence is often marked by mood swings Begins with puberty: period of sexual maturation, during which one first becomes capable of reproducing; 2-year period of rapid development usually beginning in girls at age 11 and in boys at age 13 Primary sex characteristics: body structures (ovaries, testes, and external genitalia) that make sexual reproduction possible Secondary sex characteristics: nonreproductive sexual characteristics ?female breasts and hips, male voice quality and body hair Landmarks of puberty: boys

Bio 220 Principles of Physiology and Development

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Bio 220 Notes Prokaryotes: 3.2 billion years ago Cell wall = peptidoglycans gram neg - lipopolysaccharides secreted outside of cell wall No internal compartments Unicellular and small (1-5 um) Most have single chromosome Transcription and translation occurs in the same location Eukaryotes: 2.1 billion years ago compartmentalization = organelles you can be more efficient with reaction vessels (concentrate functions) You can get by with fewer enzymes if you concentrate them into organelle, its cheaper Endosymbiants Mitochondria divide at their own rate, replicate independently of cell they live in Has its own DNA, circular First endosymbiants Cell size varies greatly RBC are the smallest and neurons are the largest/longest Plasma Membrane

33

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An Introduction to Invertebrates Chapter 33 Porifera (Sponges) Parazoa (no true tissue) Sedentary (Sessile) Suspension Feeders Choanocytes (Collar Cells) Cnidarians (Hydras, Corals, Jellies) Eumetazoans (True Tissue) Diploblastic Radial Body Plan Gastrovascular cavity Single opening serves as anus and mouth Lophotrochozoans Eumetazoans Bilateral Symmetry Triploblastic Lophotrochozoans Platyhelminthes (Flatworms) Triploblastic acoelomates Ex. Planarians Platyhelminthes (Flatworms) Trematodes (parasitic flukes) Platyhelminthes (Flatworms) Tapeworms (parasitic flatworm) Scolex proglottids Lophotrochozoans Rotifers Alimentary canal Pseudocoelomates parthenogenesis Lophotrochozoans Lophophorates Have crown of ciliated tentacles around mouth Coelomates

Fetal Circulation

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Hammad Mughal Fetal Circulation Anatomy and Physiology Mr. Ehnstrom January, 17, 2013 Fetal Circulation The fetal circulation is the circulatory system of a baby, the fetal circulation consists of the placenta and the blood vessels within the placenta. The fetal circulation is part of a larger circulation, the placenta circulation. The placenta circulation is divided into two parts: the maternal circulation and the fetal circulation.

Chapter 4 The Developing Person

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In-Class notes ?13: Chapter 4 ? The Developing Person Three major issues: Prenatal Development and the Newborn prenatal development: zygote, embryo, fetus, teratogens ? Fetal Alcohol Syndrome The Competent Newborn ? rooting reflex, others: -Close-up: how do we know? habituation, novel stimulus Infancy and Childhood Physical development ? brain: neurons, maturation, infant memory (?infantile amnesia?) / retention? -motor development: sequence, but individual differences in timing Cognitive Development ? PIAGET; schemas, assimilation, accommodation, stages and terms (figure 4.1) -sensorimotor: object permanence; stranger anxiety -preoperational ? egocentrism, language, fantasy, expanding theory of mind -- versus autism:

Meiosis

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??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ? Meiosis??I. Formation of Haploid Cells???? A. In animals, meiosis produces gametes, haploid reproductive cells???? ??? 1. In humans, sperm + egg cells???? ??? 2. Each contain 23 (1n) chromosomes???? ??? 3. Fusion results in a zygote that contains 46 (2n) chromosomes???? B. Undergo the G1, S, and G2 phases of interphase.???? C. Begin meiosis with a duplicate set of chromosomes, but undergo meiosis twice???? ??? 1. Diploid (2n) cells result in four haploid (1n) cells???? D. Meiosis I- Stages of the first cell division???? E. Meiosis II- Stages of the second cell division?II. Meiosis I???? A. Prophase I???? ??? 1. DNA coils into chromosomes, spindle fibers appear (like mitosis)???? ??? 2. Nucleolus & nuclear membrane disassemble (like mitosis)???? ??? 3.

AP Biology Chapter 19

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Differential Gene Expression in Development Stem Cells from Fat 19 Differential Gene Expression in Development 19.1 What Are the Processes of Development? 19.2 Is Cell Differentiation Irreversible? 19.3 What Is the Role of Gene Expression in Cell Differentiation? 19.4 How Is Cell Fate Determined? 19.5 How Does Gene Expression Determine Pattern Formation? 19.1 What Are the Processes of Development? Development: the process in which a multicellular organism undergoes a series of progressive changes that characterizes its life cycle. In its earliest stages, a plant or animal is called an embryo. The embryo can be protected in a seed, an egg shell, or a uterus. 19.1 What Are the Processes of Development? Four processes of development: Determination sets the fate of the cell.

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