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Gene expression

AP US GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS CHAPTER 10

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?PAGE ? ?PAGE ?1? Chapter 10 ? Elections and Campaigns seq NL1 \r 0 \h Overview Political campaigns have become increasingly personalized with little or no connection to formal party organizations. Party influence has decayed as a result of the widespread adoption of the direct primary, the increasing influence of the media, and the workings of campaign finance law. Today, candidates face the problem of creating a temporary organization that can raise money from large numbers of small donors and mobilize enthusiastic supporters; they must win the nomination by appealing to the party faithful while not losing their ability to recruit moderate and independent voters in the general election.

Molecular Bionumbers Notes

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Useful fundamental numbers in molecular biology The numbers quoted here were extracted from the literature. They should only serve as ?rule of thumb? values. Consult the full references to learn about the specific system under study, growth conditions, measurement method etc. Full references at: www.bioNumbers.org Cell sizes: Bacteria (e.coli): ~1mm diameter, 2mm length, ~1mm3 in volume; 109cells/ml in an overnight culture (OD600~1) Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae): ~5 mm diameter, ~50 mm3 in volume Mammalian (HELA) cell - ~2,000 mm3 in volume, adherent cell on a slide ~20 mm diameter ? ~100,000 cells in a confluent well of a 96 multiwell plate Organelles and cell constituents: Mammalian cell nucleus ~10 micron diameter

Pearson Biology Guided Reading Answers Chapter 10

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Chapter 10: Molecular Biology of the Gene # 152826 Cust: Pearson Au: Reece Pg. No. 66 Title: Active Reading Guide for Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections, 8e C / M / Y / K Short / Normal DESIGN SERVICES OF S4-CARLISLE Publishing Services 66 Copyright ? 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10: Molecular Biology of the Gene Guided Reading Activities Big idea: The structure of the genetic material Answer the following questions as you read modules 10.1?10.3: 1. The study of heredity at the molecular level is called ________________. 2. Students are usually surprised to discover that viruses can infect bacteria. What type of virus infects bacteria? 3. Hershey and Chase decided to use radioactively labeled sulfur and phosphorous in their

Pearson Biology Guided Reading Chapter 10

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Chapter 10: Molecular Biology of the Gene # 152826 Cust: Pearson Au: Reece Pg. No. 66 Title: Active Reading Guide for Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections, 8e C / M / Y / K Short / Normal DESIGN SERVICES OF S4-CARLISLE Publishing Services 66 Copyright ? 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10: Molecular Biology of the Gene Guided Reading Activities Big idea: The structure of the genetic material Answer the following questions as you read modules 10.1?10.3: 1. The study of heredity at the molecular level is called ________________. 2. Students are usually surprised to discover that viruses can infect bacteria. What type of virus infects bacteria? 3. Hershey and Chase decided to use radioactively labeled sulfur and phosphorous in their

Pearson Guided Reading Activities KEY CH10

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Chapter 10: Molecular Biology of the Gene # 152826 Cust: Pearson Au: Reece Pg. No. 66 Title: Active Reading Guide for Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections, 8e C / M / Y / K Short / Normal DESIGN SERVICES OF S4-CARLISLE Publishing Services 66 Copyright ? 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 10: Molecular Biology of the Gene Guided Reading Activities Big idea: The structure of the genetic material Answer the following questions as you read modules 10.1?10.3: 1. The study of heredity at the molecular level is called ________________. 2. Students are usually surprised to discover that viruses can infect bacteria. What type of virus infects bacteria? 3. Hershey and Chase decided to use radioactively labeled sulfur and phosphorous in their

Protein Sorting

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Protein Sorting 3/29/16 Organelles contain sets of proteins that are specific to their functions What is the function of the following organelles, and what types of proteins might be found in them? Nucleus? Transcription - RNA polymerase Transcription - transcription factor Replication - Mitochondria? ATP synthesis - ATP synthase Golgi? Synthesis of most proteins begins on ribosomes in the cytosol Cytosol - everything inside the cell that is not enclosed by membrane How are proteins delivered to the correct location? Signal sequences direct proteins to the correct compartment Short (15-60 aa) sequence in protein, specifies where it should go Inherent sequence coded for in the DNA information EX- NLS: nuclear localization signal Signal sequences function like zip codes!

Transcription

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DNA Transcription (Slide 20) The ?Central Dogma? - Crick 1958 DNA - RNA - Protein Proposed that this process could not go backwards The part of DNA that encodes for a protein (or RNA) is called a gene GENE: Functional unit of DNA that codes for one or more polypeptide chains or an RNA molecule Genome is not just genes, there are intervening sequences that don?t code for a protein Proteins are generated through transcription and translation How much protein is present can be regulated by the amount of transcription and/or translation Beta-catenine- high abundance in brain (A) but low abundance in muscle (B) DN A is transcribed by RNA polymerase One RNA polymerase in bacteria that does all the transcription CORE ENZYME: 2?, 1?, 1??

AP Biology Chapter 17 Questions

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Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 17 From Gene to Protein The text for Chapter 17 has remained largely unchanged from the previous edition. However, one-third of the following questions are new, and considerably more are at the skill level of analysis and application. Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Which of the following variations on translation would be most disadvantageous for a cell? A) translating polypeptides directly from DNA B) using fewer kinds of tRNA C) having only one stop codon D) lengthening the half-life of mRNA E) having a second codon (besides AUG) as a start codon Answer: A Topic: Concept 17.1 Skill: Application/Analysis 2) Garrod hypothesized that "inborn errors of metabolism" such as alkaptonuria occur because

AP Bio Campbell 8e chapter 17

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Chapter 17 From Gene to Protein Overview: The Flow of Genetic Information The information content of DNA is in the form of specific sequences of nucleotides along the DNA strands. The DNA inherited by an organism leads to specific traits by dictating the synthesis of proteins. Gene expression, the process by which DNA directs protein synthesis, includes two stages called transcription and translation. Proteins are the links between genotype and phenotype. Concept 17.1 Genes specify proteins via transcription and translation The study of metabolic defects provided evidence that genes specify proteins. In 1909, Archibald Gerrod was the first to suggest that genes dictate phenotype through enzymes that catalyze specific chemical reactions in the cell.

AP Biology Chapter 19

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Differential Gene Expression in Development Stem Cells from Fat 19 Differential Gene Expression in Development 19.1 What Are the Processes of Development? 19.2 Is Cell Differentiation Irreversible? 19.3 What Is the Role of Gene Expression in Cell Differentiation? 19.4 How Is Cell Fate Determined? 19.5 How Does Gene Expression Determine Pattern Formation? 19.1 What Are the Processes of Development? Development: the process in which a multicellular organism undergoes a series of progressive changes that characterizes its life cycle. In its earliest stages, a plant or animal is called an embryo. The embryo can be protected in a seed, an egg shell, or a uterus. 19.1 What Are the Processes of Development? Four processes of development: Determination sets the fate of the cell.

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