Endoplasmic reticulum

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Endoplasm

? 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. Lecture Presentations byNicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick Chapter 6A Tour of the Cell 1 Concept 6.2: Eukaryotic cells haveinternal membranes that compartmentalizetheir functions The basic structural and functional unit of every organism is one of two types of cells: Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Only organisms of the domains Bacteria and Archaea consist of prokaryotic cells Protists, fungi, animals, and plants all consist of eukaryotic cells ? 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Basic features of all cells: Plasma membrane Semifluid substance called cytosol Chromosomes (carry genes) Ribosomes (make proteins) ? 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. Prokaryotic cells are characterized by having No nucleus

structure_to_function Kidney biofactsheet

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Cell biology

Organelles

Membrane biology

1 B io F actsheet September 1997 Number 4 Structure to function in eukaryotic cells The cell surface membrane and the membranes which form organelles in eukaryotic cells all have the same basic structure, known as the fluid mosaic model. Such membranes provide control of the entry and exit of substances into cells and organelles and such control is a result of the phospholipid bilayer and membrane proteins. In eukaryotic cells, such membranes divide the cytoplasm into multiple compartments (organelles). Organelles allow different functions to occur efficiently and simultaneously in different parts of the cell. For example, the outer double membrane of the mitochondrion separates out those reactions which occur in mitochondria from those in the general cytoplasm.

Campbell Biology 9th Edition Chapter 6

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Cell

CHAPTER 6: A TOUR OF THE CELL Overview: The Fundamental Units of Life All organisms are made of cells The cell is the simplest collection of matter that can be alive Cell structure is correlated to cellular function All cells are related by their descent from earlier cells Concept 6.1: Biologists use microscopes and the tools of biochemistry to study cells Though usually too small to be seen by the unaided eye, cells can be complex Microscopy Scientists use microscopes to visualize cells too small to see with the naked eye In a light microscope (LM), visible light is passed through a specimen and then through glass lenses Lenses refract (bend) the light, so that the image is magnified Three important parameters of microscopy

Protein Sorting

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Signal recognition particle

Signal peptide

Nuclear transport

Nuclear pore

Protein Sorting 3/29/16 Organelles contain sets of proteins that are specific to their functions What is the function of the following organelles, and what types of proteins might be found in them? Nucleus? Transcription - RNA polymerase Transcription - transcription factor Replication - Mitochondria? ATP synthesis - ATP synthase Golgi? Synthesis of most proteins begins on ribosomes in the cytosol Cytosol - everything inside the cell that is not enclosed by membrane How are proteins delivered to the correct location? Signal sequences direct proteins to the correct compartment Short (15-60 aa) sequence in protein, specifies where it should go Inherent sequence coded for in the DNA information EX- NLS: nuclear localization signal Signal sequences function like zip codes!

Intro to Cells

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Cell

Mitochondrion

Bio 230: Cell Bio Intro to Cells: pg 1-26 Properties that define living organisms: Ability to reproduce on their own Viruses? Not living organisms but incapable of reproducing on their own Can grow and develop Require energy - metabolism Response to the environment Maintain homeostasis Contains genetic information (DNA or RNA) Composed of cells Cells are the fundamental unit of life. Invention of the light microscope led to the discovery of cells Robert Hooke Shortened telescope Many flaws, difficult to see Oil lamp with flask of water to illuminate specimen Examined cork - coined term cell Remains of cell walls after death Theodore Schwann All different species of animals were composed of cells Mathias Schleiden All different species of plants were composed of cells

mitochondrion

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Crista

Cell

Technology

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mitochondrion

Mitochondria are bounded by a double membrane. Each of these membranes is a?phospholipidbilayer with embedded proteins. The outermost membrane is smooth while the inner membrane has many folds. These folds are called cristae. The folds enhance the "productivity" of cellular respiration by increasing the available surface area. The double membranes divide the mitochondrion into two distinct parts: the intermembrane space and the mitochondrial matrix. The intermembrane space is the narrow part between the two membranes while the mitochondrial matrix is the part enclosed by the innermost membrane. Several of the steps in cellular respiration occur in the matrix due to its high concentration of enzymes.

Learning Express AP Biology Exam 1

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Oxidative phosphorylation

Eli Lilly and Company

Insulin

Amino acid

Cell

Phosphorylation