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Proteins

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Subject: 
Biology
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Biology
Gene expression
Genetics
Biochemistry
RNA
Molecular biology
Proteins
Molecular genetics
Transcription
Polyadenylation
General transcription factor
Complementary DNA

DNA Transcription (Slide 20) The ?Central Dogma? - Crick 1958 DNA - RNA - Protein Proposed that this process could not go backwards The part of DNA that encodes for a protein (or RNA) is called a gene GENE: Functional unit of DNA that codes for one or more polypeptide chains or an RNA molecule Genome is not just genes, there are intervening sequences that don?t code for a protein Proteins are generated through transcription and translation How much protein is present can be regulated by the amount of transcription and/or translation Beta-catenine- high abundance in brain (A) but low abundance in muscle (B) DN A is transcribed by RNA polymerase One RNA polymerase in bacteria that does all the transcription CORE ENZYME: 2?, 1?, 1??

Biology top ten

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Biology
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Chemistry
Biology
Nutrition
Molecular biology
Nitrogen metabolism
Proteins
Proteomics
Amino acid
Peptide
Properties of water
Enzyme
Active transport

Biology Top Ten Elizabeth Kim Natural selection acts on individuals; evolution acts on populations. Water?s polarity contributes to its properties of cohesion and adhesion. Functional groups determine a molecule?s properties ? acidity, baseness. Active transport requires input of free energy while passive transport does not. Each enzyme has a specific function due to distinct shapes of active sites and the substrates that fit into it. Protein is formed from polypeptide chains of their monomers ? amino acids. In early life, as organisms became exposed to a new environment with oxygen, they were able to use photosynthesis to acquire and use energy more efficiently for gaining resources.

Proteins and Nucleic Acids

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Biology
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Biology
Nutrition
Molecular biology
Nitrogen metabolism
Proteins
Amino acid
Zwitterions
Peptide
Technology

Protein types: enzymatic structural storage transport hormonal receptor contractile Building Blocks Amino acids -> Proteins Nucleotides -> DNA/RNA Shape and color are important features of building blocks Protein/Amino Acids monomer = amino acid polymer = joined by peptide bonds (dehydration reaction) Dehydration process Polymerizing amino acids ? R group dictates what the polypeptide will do Hydrophobic = CH 3 ; Hydrophilic = -OH, -SH- NH (charged particles R Groups 20 different life-building side chains (amino acids) Polypeptide polymer consisting of a large number of amino-acid residues bonded together in a chain, forming part of (or the whole of) a protein molecule
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