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Classical genetics

Study Guide Biology

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Biology
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Classical genetics
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Polymorphism
Dominance
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Genotype
Phenotypic trait
Phenotype
Introduction to genetics

Biology Semester 1 Final Study Guide A group of students wants to determine if different types of music affect the growth rate of plants. They expose one group to two hours of classical music, a second group to two hours of rock music, a third group to country music, and a fourth group to no music. Identify the following: independent variable, dependent variable, constants, and control. What are the 3 principles of the cell theory? Compare and contrast animals and plant cells. Animal Cells Plant Cells Describe the functions of nucleus, ribosome, chloroplast, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and golgi apparatus. Draw the cell membrane and label the proteins, phospholipids, cholesterol and carbohydrates.

AP biology Exam 1990

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Biology
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Biology
Classical genetics
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Hemoglobins
Evolutionary biology
Genetics
Dominance
Clostridium botulinum
Sickle cell trait
Sickle cell disease
Antibody
Mutation

AP EXams1990 AP BIOLOGY Answers: Last Page Three hours are allotted for this examination: 1 hour and 30 minutes for Section I, which consists of multiple-choice questions; and 1 hour and 30 minutes for Section II, which consists of essay questions. Section I is printed in this examination booklet; Section II, in a separate booklet. SECTION I Time- 1 hour and 30 minutes Number of questions ? 120 Percent of total grade ? 60 This examination contains 120 multiple-choice questions. Following this examination there are 12 multiple-choice questions regarding your preparation for this exam.? Please be careful to fill in only the ovals that are preceded by numbers 1 through 132 on your answer sheet. General Instructions

AP biology test bank chp 14

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Biology
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Genetics
Classical genetics
Dominance
Punnett square
Zygosity
Human genetics
Sex linkage
Genotype
Monohybrid cross
Dihybrid cross
Natural selection

Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 14 Mendel and the Gene Idea The questions in Chapter 14 are mostly at the Application/Analysis skill level. The material in the chapter invites students to apply Mendel?s laws, and by doing so encourages problem solving. Because of the human-related Concept 14.4, a fair number of Synthesis/Evaluation questions are included as well. Very little of the chapter lends itself to Knowledge/Comprehension questions only. In addition, to help students make maximum use of information presented about one or more specific traits, a greater number of questions than usual is grouped together to explore brief scenarios or figures. Multiple-Choice Questions 1) What do we mean when we use the terms monohybrid cross and dihybrid cross?

Solubility rules

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Chemistry
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Classical genetics
Meiosis
Ploidy
Gamete
Alternation of generations

Solubility Rules 1. All common salts of the Group 1 elements and ammonium ion are soluble. 2. All common acetates and nitrates are soluble. 3. All binary compounds of Group 17 elements (other than F) with metals are soluble except those of silver, mercury(I), and lead. 4. All sulfates are soluble except those of barium, strontium, lead, calcium, silver and mercury(I). 5. Except for those in Rule 1, carbonates, oxides, sulfides, and phosphates are insoluble. 6. Oxides and peroxides are always written in molecular form. 7. Gases are always written in molecular form. 8. The only strong bases are the hydroxides of Group I & II metals except beryllium. 9. The only strong binary acids are those of chlorine, bromine, and iodine.

AP Bio_chromosomal_basis_of_inheritance

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Biology
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Chromosomes
Classical genetics
Molecular genetics
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Homologous chromosome
Mendelian inheritance
Genetic recombination
Sex linkage

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance Locating Genes Along Chromosomes ( 15.1) * Mendel?s ?hereditary factors? were purely abstract when first proposed * Today, we can show that the factors?genes?are located on chromosomes * The location of a particular gene can be seen by tagging isolated chromosomes with a fluorescent dye that highlights the gene * Cytologists worked out the process of mitosis in 1875 and meiosis in the 1890s using improved techniques of microscopy * Biologists began to see parallels between the behavior of Mendel?s proposed hereditary factors and chromosomes * Around 1902, Sutton and Boveri and others independently noted these parallels and began to develop the chromosome theory of inheritance 15.2

AP Bio_pedigree_analysis_and_genetic_diseases

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Biology
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Classical genetics
RTT
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Sickle cell disease
Genetic disorder
Lethal allele
Mendelian inheritance

Pedigree Analysis * A pedigree is a family tree that describes the interrelationships of parents and children across generations * Inheritance patterns of particular traits can be traced and described using pedigrees * Pedigrees can also be used to make predictions about future offspring * We can use the multiplication and addition rules to predict the probability of specific phenotypes Recessively Inherited Disorders * Many genetic disorders are inherited in a recessive manner * These range from relatively mild to life-threatening The Behavior of Recessive Alleles * Recessively inherited disorders show up only in individuals homozygous for the allele * Carriers are heterozygous individuals who carry the recessive allele but are phenotypically normal

AP Bio_genetic_probabilities_and_mendels_laws

Subject: 
Biology
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Genetics
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Classical genetics
Mendelian inheritance
Punnett square
Dominance
Monohybrid cross
Phenotypic trait
Polygene
Genotype
Pleiotropy
Heredity

Probability laws govern Mendelian inheritance * Mendel?s laws of segregation and independent assortment reflect the rules of probability * When tossing a coin, the outcome of one toss has no impact on the outcome of the next toss * In the same way, the alleles of one gene segregate into gametes independently of another gene?s alleles The Multiplication and Addition Rules Applied to Monohybrid Crosses Figure 14.9 * The multiplication rule states that the probability that 2 or more independent events will occur together is the product of their individual probabilities * Probability in an F1 monohybrid cross can be determined using the multiplication rule

AP Biomenedels_gene

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Biology
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Genetics
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Classical genetics
Monohybrid cross
Mendelian inheritance
Dominance
Test cross
Allele
Zygosity
Genotype
F1 hybrid
Punnett square

Mendel and the Gene Idea Drawing from the Deck of Genes * What principles account for the transmission of traits from parents to offspring? * The ?blending? hypothesis is the idea that genetic material from the two parents blends together (like blue and yellow paint blend to make green) * The ?particulate? hypothesis is the idea that parents pass on discrete heritable units (genes) * Mendel documented a particulate mechanism through his experiments with garden peas Concept 14.1: Mendel used the scientific approach to identify two laws of inheritance * Mendel discovered the basic principles of heredity by breeding garden peas in carefully planned experiments Mendel?s Experimental, Quantitative Approach

AP Bio_genetic_variation

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Biology
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Classical genetics
Cellular processes
Molecular genetics
Meiosis
Genetic variation
Ploidy
Homologous chromosome
Sex

Genetic variation produced in sexual life cycles contributes to evolution * Mutations (changes in an organism?s DNA) are the original source of genetic diversity * Mutations create different versions of genes called alleles * Reshuffling of alleles during sexual reproduction produces genetic variation Origins of Genetic Variation Among Offspring * The behavior of chromosomes during meiosis and fertilization is responsible for most of the variation that arises in each generation * Three mechanisms contribute to genetic variation: ? Independent assortment of chromosomes ? Crossing over ? Random fertilization Independent Assortment of Chromosomes * Homologous pairs of chromosomes orient randomly at metaphase I of meiosis

AP Bio_Cell division

Subject: 
Biology
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Classical genetics
Cytogenetics
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Developmental biology
Meiosis
Ploidy
Gamete
Alternation of generations
Sex

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles Variations on a Theme * Offspring resemble their parents more than they do unrelated individuals * Heredity is the transmission of traits from one generation to the next * Variation is demonstrated by the differences in appearance that offspring show from parents and siblings * Genetics is the scientific study of heredity and variation Concept 13.1: Offspring acquire genes from parents by inheriting chromosomes * In a literal sense, children do not inherit particular physical traits from their parents * It is genes that are actually inherited Inheritance of Genes * Genes are the units of heredity and are made up of segments of DNA * Genes are passed to the next generation via reproductive cells called gametes (sperm and eggs)

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