Heredity

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Classical genetics

Probability laws govern Mendelian inheritance * Mendel?s laws of segregation and independent assortment reflect the rules of probability * When tossing a coin, the outcome of one toss has no impact on the outcome of the next toss * In the same way, the alleles of one gene segregate into gametes independently of another gene?s alleles The Multiplication and Addition Rules Applied to Monohybrid Crosses Figure 14.9 * The multiplication rule states that the probability that 2 or more independent events will occur together is the product of their individual probabilities * Probability in an F1 monohybrid cross can be determined using the multiplication rule

Living Environment - Genetics Review

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Gene

Introduction to genetics

Mutation

DNA

Homologous chromosome

The Living Environment The study of organisms and their interactions with the environment. Topics Unit 1: Ecology Unit 2: The Cell Unit 3: Genetics Unit 4: History of Biological Diversity Unit 5: The Human Body GENETICS The science of heredity and the study of how traits are passed on from generation to generation. Mendelian Genetics: How Genetics Began Commonly referred to as the ?father of modern genetics? Gregor Mendel, born in 1822 in what is now the Czech Republic, published the first known findings of heredity in 1866. His primary findings were based on the study of pea plants during his 14 year tenure as an Austrian monk in charge of the monastery garden. Mendelian Genetics

Campbell Biology Chapter 1 outline

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Evolutionary biology

On the Origin of Species

Adaptation

Gene

Species

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#AP Bio #CampbellBiology #Chapter 1 #Outline

anatomy

glands

Thyroid

Hormone

health

CHAPTER 1 *** January 9th, 2013 2 BIOLOGY IS? Life is made of: The properties of Life: Order Evolutionary adaptation Response to the environment Reproduction Growth & Development Energy processing Regulation EVOLUTION: THE PROCESS OF CHANGE THAT HAS TRANSFORMED LIFE ON EARTH Fossils Prove Evolution Darwin?s Origin of Species (1859) ?Decent with Modification? Descent with modification refers to the passing on of traits from parent organisms to their offspring. This passing on of traits is known as heredity, and the basic unit of heredity is the gene. History of Human Evolution Natural Selection

AP Bio hardy Weinberg lab

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Population genetics

Philosophy of biology

Statistical genetics

Hardy–Weinberg principle

Evolutionary biology

Introduction to evolution

Social Issues

BigIdea Investigation 2 S25 Evolution 1 INVESTIGATION 2 MATHEMATICAL MODELING: HARDY-WEINBERG* How can mathematical models be used to investigate the relationship between allele frequencies in populations of organisms and evolutionary change? ? BACKGROUND Evolution occurs in populations of organisms and involves variation in the population, heredity, and di!erential survival. One way to study evolution is to study how the frequency of alleles in a population changes from generation to generation. In other words, you can ask What are the inheritance patterns of alleles, not just from two parental organisms, but also in a population? You can then explore how allele frequencies change in populations and how these changes might predict what will happen to a population in

Bio Notes Genetics

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Philosophy of biology

Sex Linked genes -The X and Y chromosomes determine the sex of an individual and contain genes related to female and maleness. All other genes on these chromosomes are called sex linked genes -The X chromosome has the most genes but in some species (fruit fly), genes are found on the Y chromosome as well. genes on the Y chromosome are only passed from father to son -Sex linked gene inheritance (x linked) can be studied using fruit flies. The gene for eye color is located on the X chromosome. R-Red eyes are dominant to r white eyes. -Alleles carried on the X chromosome are shown as X^R, and X^r, Females have 2 alleles (X^R X^R, X^R X^r, or X^r X^r) while males only have one (X^R Y, or X^r Y) The male?s phenotype results from one X allele plll. Sex Linked Disorders In Humans

AP Biology Essay

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Cytogenetics

Classical genetics

Homologous chromosome

Meiosis

Genetics An organism is heterozygous at two genetic loci on different chromosomes. Explain how these alleles are transmitted by the process of mitosis to daughter cells. Explain how these alleles are distributed by the process of meiosis to gametes. Explain how the behavior of these two pairs of homologous chromosomes during meiosis provides the physical basis for Mendel?s two laws of inheritance. Labeled diagrams that are explained in your answer may be useful.

AP Biology Campbell 8th edition Chapter 13 Study Guide

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DNA

Species

Reproduction

Meiosis

Mutation

meiosis and sexual life cycle

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STUDY GUIDE: CH. 13 MEIOSIS AND SEXUAL LIFE CYCLE AN INTRODUCTION TO HEREDITY 1. Explain why organisms reproduce only their own kind and why offspring more closely resemble their parents than unrelated individuals of the same species. -We pass coded information in the form of DNA to our offspring -DNA can change in increments -Within species there may be significant variation -The more distantly related, the more different 2. Explain what makes heredity possible. -DNA is copied and then passed -Inheritance is an orderly, quantitative process -Most often, matched sets of genes are inherited from two parents 3. Distinguish asexual and sexual reproduction. -Asexual- one parent, offspring=clone, DNA passed was grouped by mitosis, faster, simpler, less energy,

Outline+some vocab

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Human Geography

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Behavior

Ethics

Human behavior

Human development

Interpersonal relationships

Love

Psychoanalysis

Discrimination

Racism

Historical race concepts

Attachment theory

Social Issues

Vocab Ethnicity-the identiy with a group of people that share distinct physical and mental traits as a product of common heredity and cultural traditions Race-identification with a group of people ddecendend from a common ancestor Racism-the belief that one raceis primary determinat of human traits and capacities Racist-someone who subscribe to the beliefs of racism Apartheid Laws (no longer in effect) in South Africa that physically separated different races into different geographical areas Balkanization Process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities

Campbell bio lecture

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Chromosome

Meiosis

Gene

Sex

Reproduction

Transmission

Chapter 13 Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles Overview: Hereditary Similarity and Variation Living organisms are distinguished by their ability to reproduce their own kind Heredity is the transmission of traits from one generation to the next Variation shows that offspring differ in appearance from parents and siblings Genetics is the scientific study of heredity and variation Concept 13.1: Offspring acquire genes from parents by inheriting chromosomes In a literal sense, children do not inherit particular physical traits from their parents It is genes that are actually inherited Inheritance of Genes Genes are the units of heredity Genes are segments of DNA Each gene has a specific locus on a certain chromosome One set of chromosomes is inherited from each parent

Eugenics - Traits Studied

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Philosophy of biology

Charles Davenport

Eugenics

Human genetics