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Classical genetics

Biology: Mitosis vs Meiosis

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Meiosis v. Mitosis Ploidy Non disjunction Definitions Mitosis - the way normal body cells divide, reproduce, and grow...and meisosis extends it one step further. In meiosis the cell grows larger. THey both divide into 2 seperate cells but in meiosis, the steps continue - the resulting cells divide further into meiosis. WHen cells undergo meiosis, the result is the creation of gametes, sex-cells. It involves one replication of chromosones and 2 successive cell divisions. Mitosis - starts our all diploid and then it splits into Haploid. Non disjunction - chromosomes fail to separate correctly.

Meiosis Outline

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1/22/13 2:17 PM Chromosome and chromosome number Genes- the DNA on chromosomes is arranged in segments Chromosomes determine you genes which are passed on determining the color of your hair and eyes Homologous Chromosome Homologous Chromosome- One chromosome from each parent Have same length and same centromere position and carry genes which determine the inherited traits Haploid and diploid cells Gametes- sex cells that have half the number of chromosomes Haploid- A cell with n number of chromosomes in a gamete Fertilization- the process by which one haploid gamete combines with another haploid gamete Diploid- After fertilization the cell has 2n chromosomes Meiosis Meiosis- Type of cell division that reduces the amount of chromosomes

Bio Notes Genetics

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Sex Linked genes -The X and Y chromosomes determine the sex of an individual and contain genes related to female and maleness. All other genes on these chromosomes are called sex linked genes -The X chromosome has the most genes but in some species (fruit fly), genes are found on the Y chromosome as well. genes on the Y chromosome are only passed from father to son -Sex linked gene inheritance (x linked) can be studied using fruit flies. The gene for eye color is located on the X chromosome. R-Red eyes are dominant to r white eyes. -Alleles carried on the X chromosome are shown as X^R, and X^r, Females have 2 alleles (X^R X^R, X^R X^r, or X^r X^r) while males only have one (X^R Y, or X^r Y) The male?s phenotype results from one X allele plll. Sex Linked Disorders In Humans

AP Biology Essay

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Genetics An organism is heterozygous at two genetic loci on different chromosomes. Explain how these alleles are transmitted by the process of mitosis to daughter cells. Explain how these alleles are distributed by the process of meiosis to gametes. Explain how the behavior of these two pairs of homologous chromosomes during meiosis provides the physical basis for Mendel?s two laws of inheritance. Labeled diagrams that are explained in your answer may be useful.

Biology vocab

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alternation of generations autosome chiasmata clone crossing over diploid cell fertilization gametophyte genetics haploid cell heredity homologous chromosomes karyotype locus recombinant chromosome sex chromosome spore sporophyte synapsis tetrad variation zygote allele amniocentesis carrier character codominance complete dominance dihybrid epistasis F1 generation F2 generation genotype heterozygous homozygous hybridization incomplete dominance law of independent assortment law of segregation monohybrid P generation pedigree phenotype pleiotropy polygenic inheritance quantitative character testcross trait

Genetics-Gregor Mendel

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Gregor Mendel was he father of modern genetics. He created punnet squares which predict the outcome of offspring for a specific trait. It uses both the mother and the father's genes, and the outcome depends on how many parents have the trait, and whether it is dominant or recessive.

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