Cell cycle

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Cell biology

Cell cycle

Cyclin

Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 12 The Cell Cycle In this chapter, 24 questions are new, and 12 have been altered to incorporate new material from the textbook. As in the other chapters, any questions that depend on figures or introductory scenarios have been placed at the end of the chapter rather than in concept sequence. Multiple-Choice Questions 1) The centromere is a region in which A) chromatids remain attached to one another until anaphase. B) metaphase chromosomes become aligned at the metaphase plate. C) chromosomes are grouped during telophase. D) the nucleus is located prior to mitosis. E) new spindle microtubules form at either end. Answer: A Topic: Concept 12.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

AP Bio_Meiosis

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Cohesin

Cell division

Concept 13.3: Meiosis reduces the number of chromosome sets from diploid to haploid * Like mitosis, meiosis is preceded by the replication of chromosomes * Meiosis takes place in two consecutive cell divisions, called meiosis I and meiosis II * The two cell divisions result in four daughter cells, rather than the two daughter cells in mitosis * Each daughter cell has only half as many chromosomes as the parent cell The Stages of Meiosis * Chromosomes duplicate before meiosis * The resulting sister chromatids are closely associated along their lengths * This is called sister chromatid cohesion * The chromatids are sorted into four haploid daughter cells * Division in meiosis I occurs in four phases: Prophase I

Living Environment - Cells Review

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Outline of cell biology

The Living Environment The study of organisms and their interactions with the environment. Topics Unit 1: Ecology Unit 2: The Cell Unit 3: Genetics Unit 4: History of Biological Diversity Unit 5: The Human Body Unit 2: The Cell Chemistry in Biology Cellular Structure and Function Cellular Energy Cellular Reproduction The Building Blocks of Life All organisms are made up of carbon-based molecules. Specifically molecules called hydrocarbons. (...they contain C and H) Macromolecules are large molecules that are formed by joining smaller organic molecules together. There are four major categories of biological macromolecules: Carbohydrates: store energy and provide structural support. Lipids: store energy and provide barriers

Living Environment- Cells Notes

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Outline of cell biology

The Living Environment The study of organisms and their interactions with the environment. Topics Unit 1: Ecology Unit 2: The Cell Unit 3: Genetics Unit 4: History of Biological Diversity Unit 5: The Human Body Unit 2: The Cell Chemistry in Biology Cellular Structure and Function Cellular Energy Cellular Reproduction The Building Blocks of Life All organisms are made up of carbon-based molecules. Specifically molecules called hydrocarbons. (...they contain C and H) Macromolecules are large molecules that are formed by joining smaller organic molecules together. There are four major categories of biological macromolecules: Carbohydrates: store energy and provide structural support. Lipids: store energy and provide barriers

Ch 13 Study Guide

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Chromatid

Cell division

Copyright ? 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. -1- Name__________________________Period___________ Chapter 13: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles Concept 13.1 Offspring acquire genes from parents by inheriting chromosomes 1. Let?s begin with a review of several terms that you may already know. Define: gene: A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA, in some viruses) locus: A specific place along the length of a chromosome where a given gene is located gamete: A haploid reproductive cell, such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote. male gamete: Sperm female gamete: Eggs

Ch 12 Study Guide

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Copyright ? 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. - 1 - Name_______________________Period___________ Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Overview: 1. What are the three key roles of cell division? State each role, and give an example. Key Role Example Reproduction An amoeba, a single-celled eukaryote, divides into two cells. Each new cell will be an individual organism. Growth and development A sand dollar embryo forms two cells shortly after the fertilized egg is divided. Tissue removal Dividing bone marrow cells will give rise to new blood cells. 2. What is meant by the cell cycle? The cell cycle is the life of a cell from the time it is first formed from a dividing parent cell until its own division into two daughter cells.

Biology: Mitosis vs Meiosis

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Ploidy

Chromosome

Meiosis v. Mitosis Ploidy Non disjunction Definitions Mitosis - the way normal body cells divide, reproduce, and grow...and meisosis extends it one step further. In meiosis the cell grows larger. THey both divide into 2 seperate cells but in meiosis, the steps continue - the resulting cells divide further into meiosis. WHen cells undergo meiosis, the result is the creation of gametes, sex-cells. It involves one replication of chromosones and 2 successive cell divisions. Mitosis - starts our all diploid and then it splits into Haploid. Non disjunction - chromosomes fail to separate correctly.

Cell Cycle Regulation

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Cell biology

Cell cycle

Maturation promoting factor

Cyclin

Wee1

Cdc25

G2 phase

Cyclin-dependent kinase complex

G1/S transition

REGULATION OF THE CELL CYCLE - 4/19 THE CELL CYCLE the cell reproduces by carrying out an orderly sequence of events in which it duplicates its contents and divides 2n replicate form mitotic spindle Chromosome segregation division In eukaryotes, the cell cycle is divided into four phases Interphase Restriction point I--------------------------I--------------------------I--------------------------I--------------------------I G1 S G2 M 1) Should I divide? Synthesis, 1) DNA replication Mitosis No, Can stay here DNA replication successful? Cell signaling tells it CHECKPOINT if it can divide How do cells know when to enter mitosis?

chromosomes and human heredity

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Technology

2/21/13 2:31 PM Scientists don?t just study genes, they also study whole chromosomes by using images of chromosomes stained during metaphase Karyotype- pairs of homologous chromosomes arranged in decreasing size to produce a micrograph Telomeres Telomeres- chromosome s end in protective caps, these caps consist of DNA associated with protiens The telomere also might be involved with aging and caner Nondisjunction Cell division during which sister chromatids fail to separate properly, this can take place during meiosis I or meiosis II One form two kinds of gametes result One has an extra one and one is missing one Organisms with an extra chromosome can survive but those lacking one usually do not Monosomy- lacking a chromosome in humans don?t usually survive

Chapter 12 Notes

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Fission

Cell

Chromatin