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Plant morphology

xerophytes biofact sheet

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Plant Adaptations to Dry Environments Xerophytes are plants which are adapted to live in dry conditions. Xeromorphic features are those which minimise water loss from the plant. The vast majority of the water which plants absorb via their roots is lost as water vapour from the aerial parts of the plant. This loss of water vapour is known as transpiration and is an inevitable consequence of the large moist surface area of cells which is exposed to air. The large surface area of cells is essential if carbon dioxide and oxygen are to be absorbed by leaves. However, excess water loss is the most common cause of plant death. The most common features of xerophytes are summarised in the table below. Usually small and thick and sometimes leathery with a low surface area to

Plant Reproduction Notes

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Form & Function in Flowering Plants ? Reproduction: Responses Plant Reproduction: Vegetative reproduction: The process of fragmentation, whereby small pieces of the organism form a complete new organism is common in both lower plants and lower animals. As both plants and animals became more specialized they generally lost the capacity to reproduce by fragmentation. In some plants specialized structures are produced, such as buds, propagules, bulbils, gemmae and others. In flowering plants vegetative multiplication can take place via cuttings from the aerial stem, rhizome, tuber, corm, bulb, stolon, runner, leaves, or in some cases even roots. Small pieces of the structure can, through mitosis and cell

Biology vocab

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alternation of generations autosome chiasmata clone crossing over diploid cell fertilization gametophyte genetics haploid cell heredity homologous chromosomes karyotype locus recombinant chromosome sex chromosome spore sporophyte synapsis tetrad variation zygote allele amniocentesis carrier character codominance complete dominance dihybrid epistasis F1 generation F2 generation genotype heterozygous homozygous hybridization incomplete dominance law of independent assortment law of segregation monohybrid P generation pedigree phenotype pleiotropy polygenic inheritance quantitative character testcross trait

Plant Organs and Organ Systems

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Plant Organs & Organ Systems --roots, stems, leaves Vascular Plant Organs -primary growth *chloroplasts in some green stems but PRIMARILY in the leaves *mitochondria- in all cells Vegetative Parts -roots, stems, leaves -for maintainance of individual, growth -somatic cells Reproductive Parts -flowers, fruits, seeds -maintainance of species *some no flowers, only spores ~PIC1 Root -anchors the plant -absorbs water and minerals -root hairs -brown, white, red, black -no green (few exceptions: orchids) -shape: cylindrical -produce hormones, some for storage ~PIC2 Root Systems ~PIC3 Radicle -first that grows out in germination -will become the primary root *2nd, 3rd, 4th.. root- ?lateral roots? ~PIC4 Patterns of Root Growth Taproot system
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