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water

enzyme lab

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Potato Osmosis Biology SL - ATh INVESTIGATION ?Potato Osmosis? INTRODUCTION Osmosis is a process that occurs at a cellular level that entails the spontaneous net movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane from a region of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration in order to equalize the level of water in each region. Involved in this process are hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic solutions. A hypotonic solution is one with a lower osmotic pressure, indicating that the net movement of water moves into the said solution whereas a hypertonic solution is one with a higher osmotic pressure, thus the net movement of water will be leaving the hypertonic solution. Lastly, an isotonic solution entails no net

2009 Scoring Guideline Essay Question 3

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AP? BIOLOGY 2009 SCORING GUIDELINES (Form B) ? 2009 The College Board. All rights reserved. Visit the College Board on the Web: www.collegeboard.com. Question 3 Water is essential to all living things. (a) Discuss THREE properties of water. (b) Explain each of the following in terms of the properties of water. You are not limited to the three properties discussed in part (a): ? the role of water as a medium for the metabolic processes of cells ? the ability of water to moderate temperature within living organisms and in organisms? environments ? the movement of water from the roots to the leaves of plants (a) Discuss THREE properties of water (6 points maximum):

Chapter 3 Outline

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Chapter 3 Biology Outline- ?Water and the Fitness of the Environment? The polarity of water molecules results in hydrogen bonding Water is more extraordinary than people thing because water is everywhere. The unequal ?v? shape of a water molecule makes it a ?polar molecule?. Polar molecules have a positive charge on one side of the molecule and a negative charge on the other side. The polar molecules are attracted to each other (they are like magnets) and that is why water always forms droplets and stays together. Four emergent properties of water contribute to Earth?s fitness for life Cohesion Water molecules stick together due to hydrogen bonding. Cohesion contributes to the transportation of water and dissolved nutrients going against gravity in plants.

Living in the Environment: Principles, Connections, and Solutions, 16th Edition Summary

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Chapter 2 Science, Systems, Matter, and Energy Summary 1. Science is an attempt to discover the natural world?s order and use that in describing what is likely to happen in nature. Scientists ask a question or identify a problem to investigate. Then, they collect scientific data through observation and measurement. Experiments may be used to study specific phenomena. 2. The major components of complex systems are environmental inputs, flows within the system, and outputs to the environment. 3. The basic forms of matter are elements and compounds. Matter is useful to us as a resource because it makes up every material substance. 4. The major forms of energy are kinetic energy and potential energy. Energy is useful to us as a resource because it moves matter.

agsa

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Gambling with water in the Colorado River basin 7 states share the Colorado river Droughts and overuse are threatening supplies Las Vegas, Nevada, needs more water than it is allotted Other states will let Las Vegas drill for underground water Drilling threatens the area?s ecology and people This issue will end up in Nevada?s Supreme Court The Colorado River The Colorado River originates in the Rocky MountainsDraining into the Gulf of California Its waters chiseled the Grand CanyonBut it has been reduced to a mere trickle Dams provide flood control, recreation, and hydroelectric power30 million people use the water Freshwater systems Water may seem abundant, but drinkable water is rare

AP Bio Chapter 3 notes

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Chapter 3 ? Water & Fitness of the Environment Effect of Water?s Polarity Polarity of water causes hydrogen bonding Water is made up of 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen; held together by 1 covalent bond Oxygen is slightly negative and hydrogen is slightly positive ?> polarity Polarity causes hydrogen to be attracted to other oxygen molecules, creating hydrogen bonds; each molecule can be connected to 4 other molecules 4 properties of water Water?s cohesion Stabilization of temperature Expansion upon freezing Versatility as a solvent Cohesion of water molecules Hydrogen bonds keep water molecules sticking together - hydrogen bonds are very weak; they form and reform with great frequency Cohesion: the process in which hydrogen bonds hold the substances together

Chapter 13 Guided Reading

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Name: Period: Chapter 13 Guided Reading AP Environmental Science ? Mr. Oliphant & Mr. O?Connor (with many questions taken from R. Young ? Kennedy HS) Briefly describe earth's water supply. Compare amounts of salt water and fresh water. Compare amounts of frozen fresh water and water available for human use.

Campbell Biology Chapter 3 outline

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CHAPTER 3 ? WATER AND LIFE THE MOLECUES THAT SUPPORT ALL OF LIFE Water is the only natural substance to exist in all 3 states of matter: Solid Liquid Gas WATER molecule is a polar molecule It has a positive and a negative end It can make up to 4 Hydrogen bonds that break and reform instantaneously. 4 Emergent properties of water COHESION The linking together of like molecules, often by hydrogen bonds. Water sticks to itself Adhesion- water sticks to something else Surface Tension ? A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid. Water has a high surface tension because of the hydrogen bonding of surface molecules MODERATION OF TEMPERATURE BY WATER HEAT AND TEMPERATURE Kinetic Energy ?

Hess's Law

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Notes Enthalpy / Hess?s Law 2/13/13 CH 4(g) + 2O 2(g) ? CO 2(g) + 2H 2 O (g) ?H? rxn =? ?H? rxn = ??H? f products - ??H? f reactants Electron Affinity: Energy change associated with adding electrons to atoms (anions) Ionization Energy: Energy change associated with removing electrons from atoms (cations) Methods for calculating ?H rxn Hess?s Law: if a reaction can be written as the sum of two or more steps the overall enthalpy of reaction is equal to the sums of the enthalpies of reaction for each of the steps A + B ? G + H ? ?H rxn =? A + B ? C + D ? ?H rxn = x KJ C + D ? E + F ? ?H rxn = y KJ E + F ? G + H ? ?H rxn = z KJ +___________ A + B ? G + H ? ?H rxn = x + y + z KJ

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