Glycolysis

Integral membrane proteins

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Glucose

Cell Respiration Vocab Acetyl Coenzyme A??-? A small molecule that carries acetyl functional groups in cells. Composed of an acetyl group attached to a coenzyme A molecule. The starting product of the citric acid cycle. Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)??-? The molecule from which cells derive energy. Comprised of an adenosine molecule bonded to three phosphates, each phosphate bond contains energy, especially the third bond. By breaking that one bond and reducing ATP to adenosine?diphosphate (ADP), the cell can get the energy to carry out its various processes. Aerobic respiration??-? A metabolic process involving oxygen in the breakdown of glucose.

Campbell's Biology 9 Edition Chapter 9 Outline

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Substrate-level phosphorylation

Chemiosmosis

mitochondrion

Ch. 9 Notes Energy flows through systems not recyclable Matter recyclable Cellular respiration: Require ATP to be done Energy used to make ADP to ATP from glucose ATP modified RNA nucleotide A lot of APT necessary to do the smallest of tasks If ATP stopped being made we could only live 4 seconds Mitochondria make the ATP in plants and animals Chloroplasts convert sunlight into organic molecules to be used Glucose + 6 Oxygen -> 6 Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP Oxidation and reduction has to do with 90% of ATP being produced NAD+ + H+ + 2e- = NADH Instrumental in the production of ATP More NADH the more ATP will be produced 2 different mechanisms contribute to ATP production Substrate level Phosphorylation: Chemiosmosis (Oxidative Phosphorylation):

The Citric Acid Cycle

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Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex

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Succinyl coenzyme A synthetase

The Citric Acid Cycle Acetyl Coenzyme A??-? A small molecule that carries acetyl functional groups in cells. Composed of an acetyl group attached to a coenzyme A molecule. The starting product of the citric acid cycle. Acontinase??-? The citric acid cycle enzyme responsible for catalyzing the reaction that converts citric acid to isocitrate with the release of water. Adenisine Triphosphate (ATP)??-? The molecule from which cells derive energy. Comprised of an adenisine molecule bonded to three phosphates, each phosphate bond contains energy, especially the third bond. By breaking that one bond and reducing ATP to adenisine?diphosphate (ADP), the cell can get the energy to carry out its various processes.

Glycolysis Notes

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Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

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Lactate dehydrogenase

Tumor hypoxia

Fructose

Glycolysis Adenisine Triphosphate (ATP)??-? The molecule from which cells derive energy. Comprised of an adenisine molecule bonded to three phosphates, each phosphate bond contains energy, especially the third bond. By breaking that one bond and reducing ATP to adenisine?diphosphate (ADP), the cell can get the energy to carry out its various processes. Alcohol dehydrogenase??-? The glycolytic enzyme responsible for catalyzing the reaction that converts acetaldehyde to ethanol in the alcoholic fermentation of pyruvate. Alcoholic fermentation??-? The process that converts pyruvate to carbon dioxide and ethanol that takes place in yeast under anaerobic conditions.

Cellular Respiration

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cellular respiration

Carbohydrate catabolism

redox

Cellular Respiration Cellular respiration can be described as a chemical process that breaks bonds in food molecules or transforms chemical energy from organic molecules into ATP. - Only 40% of food energy is extracted and used for cellular work where the other 60% leaves in the form of heat energy ATP= Provides chemical energy for cellular work/processes in the cell. Structure= Composed of complex organic molecule called adenosine with a tail of three phosphate groups and a ribose sugar- pentose (ADP+P=ATP) (ADP is a diphosphate with an adenosine) ATP is recycled from ADP and phosphate through cellular respiration, ADP and P are connected to create ATP to be used for cell processes, ATP is used for cellular work and ADP and P are extracted from food molecules to create ATP again.

Anaerobic Respiration

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Anaerobic respiration

Lactic acid fermentation

Carbon dioxide

Stoma

Anaerobic Respiration Anaerobic respiration is the process in which a glucose is split into two pyruvates and then transferred to lactic acid or ethyl alcohol depending on the environment, does not use oxygen Anaerobic respiration occurs in the cytoplasm, outside of the mitochondria Lactic Acid Fermentation: Occurs at the time of strenuous activity or exercise to make two additional ATP on top of regular aerobic respiration that produces 38 ATP - Takes place in muscles, or with food products such as yogurt, cheese Does not use oxygen because there is enough oxygen for aerobic respiration however oxygen is now being pumped to the heart so it is not available for anaerobic respiration.

Cellular energy lab

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Light-independent reactions

Glucose

Stroma

Carbon dioxide

Virtual Lab Journal Response Sheet Date: 11th Feb 2015 Name of Virtual Lab: Energy in a cell Please include the questions. This can be done by highlighting, copying and pasting into the corresponding space What is the importance of the light and dark reactions in photosynthesis? Light Dependent Reaction is the initial stage of Photosynthesis where solar energy is converted into potential energy, the light Dependent Reaction produces oxygen gas and converts ADP and NADP+ into ATP and NADPH .Dark Reaction takes place in Stroma of the chloroplasts in photosynthetic plants, Energy from light are stored has ATP and NADPH .in Calvin cycle this stored energy is used to make sugar molecule, the Calvin cycle is a complex theory of chemical reactions carried out in stroma.

Unit 5 Cell Energy Vocabulary

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Ethanol fermentation

Photosynthesis

Glucose

Lactic acid fermentation

energy

Cells

Name:_______________________________ Test Date: __________ Per. _____ Unit 5-The Working Cell- Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis Describe Metabolism What process in your body uses metabolism? What is an enzyme ( which biomolecule group do they belong to) ? How does it work? What does activation energy mean? Characteristics of Enzymes: What conditions do enzymes work best in? What happens to the enzyme if you raise the pH? An enzyme is like a Lock and Key . (Substrate-specific) What does that mean? A is _____________________ How do you know ?_ ________ _________________________ B is _____________________ How do you know ?_ _______ ________________________ C is _____________________ What is the importance of the active site?pg. 218-233 CELL METABOLISM- pg.220 Metabolism

Raven Biology Chapter 7 Notes

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cellular respiration

metabolism

Chemiosmosis

Substrate-level phosphorylation

biochemistry

Anaerobic respiration

Fermentation

Gavin Morgan 11/19/2015 Chapter 7 2-Point Notes Cells oxidize organic compounds to drive metabolism: 1. First, enzymes break down the large molecules into smaller ones, a process called digestion. Then, other enzymes dismantle these fragments a bit at a time, harvesting energy from C?H and other chemical bonds at each stage. 2. Electrons lost are accompanied by protons, so that what is really lost is a hydrogen atom, not just an electron. Cellular respiration is the complete oxidation of glucose: 1. When the acceptor is oxygen, the process is called aerobic respiration.

Campbell9EdChapter9CellRespiration

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cellular respiration

Substrate-level phosphorylation

Fermentation