Glycolysis

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cellular respiration

Nucleotides

Purinergic signalling

Purines

Adenosine triphosphate

Enzyme

Glycolysis

Glucose 6-phosphate

Pyruvate kinase

Sucrose phosphorylase

How can one increase the rate of a chemical reaction? a. Increase the activation energy needed. b. Cool the reactants. c. Decrease the concentration of the reactants. d. Add the appropriate enzyme. e. Increase the entropy of the reactants. Which of the following statements is false? a. The amount of energy in the universe is constant. b. One form of energy can be converted to other forms of energy. c. Whenever energy conversions occur, some energy is lost as heat. d. There are differences in the quality of energy. e. Entropy decreases with time.

ap_bio_chap_7_cell_respiration.ppt

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cellular respiration

Glycolysis

Citric acid cycle

Chemiosmosis

Adenosine triphosphate

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

Beta oxidation

Fermentation

0 7 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Overview: Life Is Work that Requires Energy Living cells require energy from outside sources Some animals, such as the giraffe, obtain energy by eating plants, and some animals feed on other organisms that eat plants ? 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Energy flows into an ecosystem as sunlight and leaves as heat Photosynthesis generates O2 and organic molecules, which are used as fuel for cellular respiration Cells use chemical energy stored in organic molecules to regenerate ATP, which powers work ? 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Animation: Carbon Cycle Carbon Cycle Figure 7.2 Light energy ECOSYSTEM Photosynthesis in chloroplasts CO2 ? H2O Cellular respiration in mitochondria Organic molecules ? O2 ATP ATP powers most cellular work Heat

Cell bio chapter 9

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Fermentation

Technology

Energy flow and chemical recycling in ecosystems Metabolic pathways involved in harvesting the energy of glucose Glycolysis and cellular respiration Glycolysis and fermentation Concept 9.1 How do metabolic pathways yield energy? Redo reactions: chemical reactions that transfer electrons Oxidation: substance loses electrons Reduction: substance gains electrons Oxidation of organic molecules during cellular respiration Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide- electron carrier/acceptor NADH passes electrons to the electron transport chain when O2 is present Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria Stages of cellular respiration Glycolysis occurs in cytoplasm Breaks down glucose with end product being pyruvic End process pyruvic goes to citric acid cycle

Cellular Respiration

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redox

Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration?Harvesting Chemical Energy Concept 9.6 (176 ? 178) is not required knowledge for the AP? exam and is omitted. Overview: Life Is Work living cells require transfusions of energy from outside sources to perform their tasks energy enters into an ecosystem as sunlight and leaves as heat Concept 9.1: Catabolic pathways yield energy by oxidizing organic fuels Catabolic Pathways and Production of ATP breakdown of organic molecules is exergonic fermentation is a partial degradation of sugars that occurs without oxygen cellular respiration is the most prevalent and efficient catabolic pathway consumes oxygen and organic molecules (i.e. glucose) yields ATP to keep working, cells must regenerate ATP Redox Reactions: Oxidation and Reduction

Campbell Biology Chapter 9 Outline

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Chemiosmosis

Citric acid cycle

Mitochondrial matrix

Technology

Mica Piro Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration & Fermentation Catabolic Pathways Yield Energy by Oxidizing Organic Fuels (9.1) Catabolic Pathways and Production of ATP Organic compounds possess potential energy as a result of the arrangement of electrons in the bonds between their atoms Compounds that can participate in exergonic reactions can act as fuels Through enzyme activity, a cell systematically degrades complex organic molecules that are rich in potential energy to simpler waste products that have less energy (some energy used to do work; the rest is released as heat) One catabolic process called fermentation is a partial degradation of sugars or other organic fuel that occurs without the use of oxygen

AP BIO Chapter 09

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Citric acid cycle

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation This is one of the most challenging chapters for students to master. Many students become overwhelmed and confused by the complexity of the pathways, with the multitude of intermediate compounds, enzymes, and processes. The vast majority of the questions in this chapter address central concepts rather than details of these pathways. Other questions have accompanying figures that provide details for reference and ask students to interpret or use these models. Overall, the emphases are on the inputs and outputs of each pathway, the relationships among these pathways, the cellular locations, redox as a central principle in respiration, and chemiosmosis. Multiple-Choice Questions

AP BIO CHP 9 CAMPBELL BIOLOGY 9e

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Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation This is one of the most challenging chapters for students to master. Many students become overwhelmed and confused by the complexity of the pathways, with the multitude of intermediate compounds, enzymes, and processes. The vast majority of the questions in this chapter address central concepts rather than details of these pathways. Other questions have accompanying figures that provide details for reference and ask students to interpret or use these models. Overall, the emphases are on the inputs and outputs of each pathway, the relationships among these pathways, the cellular locations, redox as a central principle in respiration, and chemiosmosis. Multiple-Choice Questions

Campbell AP Bio Study Guide Chapter 9

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Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation This is one of the most challenging chapters for students to master. Many students become overwhelmed and confused by the complexity of the pathways, with the multitude of intermediate compounds, enzymes, and processes. The vast majority of the questions in this chapter address central concepts rather than details of these pathways. Other questions have accompanying figures that provide details for reference and ask students to interpret or use these models. Overall, the emphases are on the inputs and outputs of each pathway, the relationships among these pathways, the cellular locations, redox as a central principle in respiration, and chemiosmosis. Multiple-Choice Questions

chapter 9 question

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MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which of the following statements concerning the breakdown of glucose to CO2 and water is (are) true? A) Adding electrons to another substance is known as reduction. B) The breakdown of glucose is exergonic. C) An electron acceptor is called the reducing agent. D) A and B only are correct. E) A, B, and C are correct. 2) The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is directly involved in A) the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA. B) accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain. C) glycolysis. D) the citric acid cycle. E) the phosphorylation of ADP. 3) All of the following statements about NAD+ are true except:

campbell_ap_bio_practice_test_ch9

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