Fermentation

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

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Lactate dehydrogenase

Tumor hypoxia

Fructose

Glycolysis Adenisine Triphosphate (ATP)??-? The molecule from which cells derive energy. Comprised of an adenisine molecule bonded to three phosphates, each phosphate bond contains energy, especially the third bond. By breaking that one bond and reducing ATP to adenisine?diphosphate (ADP), the cell can get the energy to carry out its various processes. Alcohol dehydrogenase??-? The glycolytic enzyme responsible for catalyzing the reaction that converts acetaldehyde to ethanol in the alcoholic fermentation of pyruvate. Alcoholic fermentation??-? The process that converts pyruvate to carbon dioxide and ethanol that takes place in yeast under anaerobic conditions.

Anaerobic Respiration

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Anaerobic respiration

Lactic acid fermentation

Carbon dioxide

Stoma

Anaerobic Respiration Anaerobic respiration is the process in which a glucose is split into two pyruvates and then transferred to lactic acid or ethyl alcohol depending on the environment, does not use oxygen Anaerobic respiration occurs in the cytoplasm, outside of the mitochondria Lactic Acid Fermentation: Occurs at the time of strenuous activity or exercise to make two additional ATP on top of regular aerobic respiration that produces 38 ATP - Takes place in muscles, or with food products such as yogurt, cheese Does not use oxygen because there is enough oxygen for aerobic respiration however oxygen is now being pumped to the heart so it is not available for anaerobic respiration.

Unit 5 Cell Energy Vocabulary

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Ethanol fermentation

Photosynthesis

Glucose

Lactic acid fermentation

energy

Cells

Name:_______________________________ Test Date: __________ Per. _____ Unit 5-The Working Cell- Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis Describe Metabolism What process in your body uses metabolism? What is an enzyme ( which biomolecule group do they belong to) ? How does it work? What does activation energy mean? Characteristics of Enzymes: What conditions do enzymes work best in? What happens to the enzyme if you raise the pH? An enzyme is like a Lock and Key . (Substrate-specific) What does that mean? A is _____________________ How do you know ?_ ________ _________________________ B is _____________________ How do you know ?_ _______ ________________________ C is _____________________ What is the importance of the active site?pg. 218-233 CELL METABOLISM- pg.220 Metabolism

Raven Biology Chapter 7 Notes

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metabolism

Chemiosmosis

Citric acid cycle

biochemistry

Anaerobic respiration

Gavin Morgan 11/19/2015 Chapter 7 2-Point Notes Cells oxidize organic compounds to drive metabolism: 1. First, enzymes break down the large molecules into smaller ones, a process called digestion. Then, other enzymes dismantle these fragments a bit at a time, harvesting energy from C?H and other chemical bonds at each stage. 2. Electrons lost are accompanied by protons, so that what is really lost is a hydrogen atom, not just an electron. Cellular respiration is the complete oxidation of glucose: 1. When the acceptor is oxygen, the process is called aerobic respiration.

Campbell9EdChapter9CellRespiration

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Citric acid cycle

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Chapter 9 Overview: Life Is Work Living cells require energy from outside sources Some animals, such as the chimpanzee, obtain energy by eating plants, and some animals feed on other organisms that eat plants ? 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 9.1 Energy flows into an ecosystem as sunlight and leaves as heat Photosynthesis generates O2 and organic molecules, which are used in cellular respiration Cells use chemical energy stored in organic molecules to regenerate ATP, which powers work ? 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 9.2 Light energy ECOSYSTEM Photosynthesis in chloroplasts Cellular respiration in mitochondria CO2 ? H2O ? O2 Organic molecules ATP powers most cellular work ATP Heat energy

ap_bio_chap_7_cell_respiration.ppt

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Citric acid cycle

Chemiosmosis

metabolism

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

Beta oxidation

0 7 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Overview: Life Is Work that Requires Energy Living cells require energy from outside sources Some animals, such as the giraffe, obtain energy by eating plants, and some animals feed on other organisms that eat plants ? 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Energy flows into an ecosystem as sunlight and leaves as heat Photosynthesis generates O2 and organic molecules, which are used as fuel for cellular respiration Cells use chemical energy stored in organic molecules to regenerate ATP, which powers work ? 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Animation: Carbon Cycle Carbon Cycle Figure 7.2 Light energy ECOSYSTEM Photosynthesis in chloroplasts CO2 ? H2O Cellular respiration in mitochondria Organic molecules ? O2 ATP ATP powers most cellular work Heat

Cell bio chapter 9

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metabolism

Technology

Energy flow and chemical recycling in ecosystems Metabolic pathways involved in harvesting the energy of glucose Glycolysis and cellular respiration Glycolysis and fermentation Concept 9.1 How do metabolic pathways yield energy? Redo reactions: chemical reactions that transfer electrons Oxidation: substance loses electrons Reduction: substance gains electrons Oxidation of organic molecules during cellular respiration Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide- electron carrier/acceptor NADH passes electrons to the electron transport chain when O2 is present Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria Stages of cellular respiration Glycolysis occurs in cytoplasm Breaks down glucose with end product being pyruvic End process pyruvic goes to citric acid cycle

Cellular Respiration

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redox

Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration?Harvesting Chemical Energy Concept 9.6 (176 ? 178) is not required knowledge for the AP? exam and is omitted. Overview: Life Is Work living cells require transfusions of energy from outside sources to perform their tasks energy enters into an ecosystem as sunlight and leaves as heat Concept 9.1: Catabolic pathways yield energy by oxidizing organic fuels Catabolic Pathways and Production of ATP breakdown of organic molecules is exergonic fermentation is a partial degradation of sugars that occurs without oxygen cellular respiration is the most prevalent and efficient catabolic pathway consumes oxygen and organic molecules (i.e. glucose) yields ATP to keep working, cells must regenerate ATP Redox Reactions: Oxidation and Reduction

campbell_ap_bio_practice_test_ch9

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Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

Carbohydrate catabolism

Chapter?9 Cellular?Respiration:?Harvesting?Chemical?Energy Multiple-Choice?Questions 1) What?is?the?term?for?metabolic?pathways?that?release?stored?energy?by?breaking?down?complex?molecules? A) anabolic?pathways B) catabolic?pathways C) fermentation?pathways D) thermodynamic?pathways E) bioenergetic?pathways Answer: B Topic: Concept?9.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 2) The?molecule?that?functions?as?the?reducing?agent?(electron?donor)?in?a?redox?or?oxidation-reduction?reaction A) gains?electrons?and?gains?energy. B) loses?electrons?and?loses?energy. C) gains?electrons?and?loses?energy. D) loses?electrons?and?gains?energy. E) neither?gains?nor?loses?electrons,?but?gains?or?loses?energy. Answer: B Topic: Concept?9.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

Energy in a Cell

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biochemistry

Chemistry

Chemiosmosis

Photosynthesis

Thylakoid

Anaerobic respiration