Substrate-level phosphorylation

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mitochondrion

Ch. 9 Notes Energy flows through systems not recyclable Matter recyclable Cellular respiration: Require ATP to be done Energy used to make ADP to ATP from glucose ATP modified RNA nucleotide A lot of APT necessary to do the smallest of tasks If ATP stopped being made we could only live 4 seconds Mitochondria make the ATP in plants and animals Chloroplasts convert sunlight into organic molecules to be used Glucose + 6 Oxygen -> 6 Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP Oxidation and reduction has to do with 90% of ATP being produced NAD+ + H+ + 2e- = NADH Instrumental in the production of ATP More NADH the more ATP will be produced 2 different mechanisms contribute to ATP production Substrate level Phosphorylation: Chemiosmosis (Oxidative Phosphorylation):

Raven Biology Chapter 7 Notes

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cellular respiration

Glycolysis

biochemistry

Anaerobic respiration

Gavin Morgan 11/19/2015 Chapter 7 2-Point Notes Cells oxidize organic compounds to drive metabolism: 1. First, enzymes break down the large molecules into smaller ones, a process called digestion. Then, other enzymes dismantle these fragments a bit at a time, harvesting energy from C?H and other chemical bonds at each stage. 2. Electrons lost are accompanied by protons, so that what is really lost is a hydrogen atom, not just an electron. Cellular respiration is the complete oxidation of glucose: 1. When the acceptor is oxygen, the process is called aerobic respiration.

Campbell9EdChapter9CellRespiration

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cellular respiration

Glycolysis

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Chapter 9 Overview: Life Is Work Living cells require energy from outside sources Some animals, such as the chimpanzee, obtain energy by eating plants, and some animals feed on other organisms that eat plants ? 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 9.1 Energy flows into an ecosystem as sunlight and leaves as heat Photosynthesis generates O2 and organic molecules, which are used in cellular respiration Cells use chemical energy stored in organic molecules to regenerate ATP, which powers work ? 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 9.2 Light energy ECOSYSTEM Photosynthesis in chloroplasts Cellular respiration in mitochondria CO2 ? H2O ? O2 Organic molecules ATP powers most cellular work ATP Heat energy

ap_bio_chap_7_cell_respiration.ppt

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cellular respiration

Glycolysis

Beta oxidation

0 7 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Overview: Life Is Work that Requires Energy Living cells require energy from outside sources Some animals, such as the giraffe, obtain energy by eating plants, and some animals feed on other organisms that eat plants ? 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Energy flows into an ecosystem as sunlight and leaves as heat Photosynthesis generates O2 and organic molecules, which are used as fuel for cellular respiration Cells use chemical energy stored in organic molecules to regenerate ATP, which powers work ? 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Animation: Carbon Cycle Carbon Cycle Figure 7.2 Light energy ECOSYSTEM Photosynthesis in chloroplasts CO2 ? H2O Cellular respiration in mitochondria Organic molecules ? O2 ATP ATP powers most cellular work Heat

Cell bio chapter 9

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Technology

Energy flow and chemical recycling in ecosystems Metabolic pathways involved in harvesting the energy of glucose Glycolysis and cellular respiration Glycolysis and fermentation Concept 9.1 How do metabolic pathways yield energy? Redo reactions: chemical reactions that transfer electrons Oxidation: substance loses electrons Reduction: substance gains electrons Oxidation of organic molecules during cellular respiration Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide- electron carrier/acceptor NADH passes electrons to the electron transport chain when O2 is present Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria Stages of cellular respiration Glycolysis occurs in cytoplasm Breaks down glucose with end product being pyruvic End process pyruvic goes to citric acid cycle

Campbell Biology Chapter 9 Outline

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Mitochondrial matrix

Technology

Mica Piro Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration & Fermentation Catabolic Pathways Yield Energy by Oxidizing Organic Fuels (9.1) Catabolic Pathways and Production of ATP Organic compounds possess potential energy as a result of the arrangement of electrons in the bonds between their atoms Compounds that can participate in exergonic reactions can act as fuels Through enzyme activity, a cell systematically degrades complex organic molecules that are rich in potential energy to simpler waste products that have less energy (some energy used to do work; the rest is released as heat) One catabolic process called fermentation is a partial degradation of sugars or other organic fuel that occurs without the use of oxygen

AP BIO Chapter 09

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Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation This is one of the most challenging chapters for students to master. Many students become overwhelmed and confused by the complexity of the pathways, with the multitude of intermediate compounds, enzymes, and processes. The vast majority of the questions in this chapter address central concepts rather than details of these pathways. Other questions have accompanying figures that provide details for reference and ask students to interpret or use these models. Overall, the emphases are on the inputs and outputs of each pathway, the relationships among these pathways, the cellular locations, redox as a central principle in respiration, and chemiosmosis. Multiple-Choice Questions

AP BIO CHP 9 CAMPBELL BIOLOGY 9e

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Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation This is one of the most challenging chapters for students to master. Many students become overwhelmed and confused by the complexity of the pathways, with the multitude of intermediate compounds, enzymes, and processes. The vast majority of the questions in this chapter address central concepts rather than details of these pathways. Other questions have accompanying figures that provide details for reference and ask students to interpret or use these models. Overall, the emphases are on the inputs and outputs of each pathway, the relationships among these pathways, the cellular locations, redox as a central principle in respiration, and chemiosmosis. Multiple-Choice Questions

Campbell AP Bio Study Guide Chapter 9

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Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation This is one of the most challenging chapters for students to master. Many students become overwhelmed and confused by the complexity of the pathways, with the multitude of intermediate compounds, enzymes, and processes. The vast majority of the questions in this chapter address central concepts rather than details of these pathways. Other questions have accompanying figures that provide details for reference and ask students to interpret or use these models. Overall, the emphases are on the inputs and outputs of each pathway, the relationships among these pathways, the cellular locations, redox as a central principle in respiration, and chemiosmosis. Multiple-Choice Questions

chapter 9 question

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