Oxidative phosphorylation

Integral membrane proteins

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Glucose

Cell Respiration Vocab Acetyl Coenzyme A??-? A small molecule that carries acetyl functional groups in cells. Composed of an acetyl group attached to a coenzyme A molecule. The starting product of the citric acid cycle. Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)??-? The molecule from which cells derive energy. Comprised of an adenosine molecule bonded to three phosphates, each phosphate bond contains energy, especially the third bond. By breaking that one bond and reducing ATP to adenosine?diphosphate (ADP), the cell can get the energy to carry out its various processes. Aerobic respiration??-? A metabolic process involving oxygen in the breakdown of glucose.

Campbell's Biology 9 Edition Chapter 9 Outline

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mitochondrion

Ch. 9 Notes Energy flows through systems not recyclable Matter recyclable Cellular respiration: Require ATP to be done Energy used to make ADP to ATP from glucose ATP modified RNA nucleotide A lot of APT necessary to do the smallest of tasks If ATP stopped being made we could only live 4 seconds Mitochondria make the ATP in plants and animals Chloroplasts convert sunlight into organic molecules to be used Glucose + 6 Oxygen -> 6 Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP Oxidation and reduction has to do with 90% of ATP being produced NAD+ + H+ + 2e- = NADH Instrumental in the production of ATP More NADH the more ATP will be produced 2 different mechanisms contribute to ATP production Substrate level Phosphorylation: Chemiosmosis (Oxidative Phosphorylation):

Oxidative Phosphorylation and Electron Transport Notes

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mitochondrion

ATP synthase

redox

Oxygen

Electrochemical gradient

Intermembrane space

OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION AND ELECTRON TRANSPORT Adenisine Triphosphate (ATP)??-? The molecule from which cells derive energy. Comprised of an adenisine molecule bonded to three phosphates. Each phosphate bond contains energy, especially the third bond. By breaking that one bond and reducing ATP to adenisine?diphosphate (ADP), the cell can get the energy to carry out its various processes. Electron transport chain??-? Term used to describe the flow of electrons generated by the oxidation of NADH and FADH2. Responsible for establishing an electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane that powers the synthesis of ATP in oxidative phosphorylation.

Raven Biology Chapter 7 Notes

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biochemistry

Anaerobic respiration

Gavin Morgan 11/19/2015 Chapter 7 2-Point Notes Cells oxidize organic compounds to drive metabolism: 1. First, enzymes break down the large molecules into smaller ones, a process called digestion. Then, other enzymes dismantle these fragments a bit at a time, harvesting energy from C?H and other chemical bonds at each stage. 2. Electrons lost are accompanied by protons, so that what is really lost is a hydrogen atom, not just an electron. Cellular respiration is the complete oxidation of glucose: 1. When the acceptor is oxygen, the process is called aerobic respiration.

Campbell9EdChapter9CellRespiration

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Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Chapter 9 Overview: Life Is Work Living cells require energy from outside sources Some animals, such as the chimpanzee, obtain energy by eating plants, and some animals feed on other organisms that eat plants ? 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 9.1 Energy flows into an ecosystem as sunlight and leaves as heat Photosynthesis generates O2 and organic molecules, which are used in cellular respiration Cells use chemical energy stored in organic molecules to regenerate ATP, which powers work ? 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 9.2 Light energy ECOSYSTEM Photosynthesis in chloroplasts Cellular respiration in mitochondria CO2 ? H2O ? O2 Organic molecules ATP powers most cellular work ATP Heat energy

ap_bio_chap_7_cell_respiration.ppt

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Beta oxidation

0 7 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Overview: Life Is Work that Requires Energy Living cells require energy from outside sources Some animals, such as the giraffe, obtain energy by eating plants, and some animals feed on other organisms that eat plants ? 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Energy flows into an ecosystem as sunlight and leaves as heat Photosynthesis generates O2 and organic molecules, which are used as fuel for cellular respiration Cells use chemical energy stored in organic molecules to regenerate ATP, which powers work ? 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Animation: Carbon Cycle Carbon Cycle Figure 7.2 Light energy ECOSYSTEM Photosynthesis in chloroplasts CO2 ? H2O Cellular respiration in mitochondria Organic molecules ? O2 ATP ATP powers most cellular work Heat

Cell bio chapter 9

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Technology

Energy flow and chemical recycling in ecosystems Metabolic pathways involved in harvesting the energy of glucose Glycolysis and cellular respiration Glycolysis and fermentation Concept 9.1 How do metabolic pathways yield energy? Redo reactions: chemical reactions that transfer electrons Oxidation: substance loses electrons Reduction: substance gains electrons Oxidation of organic molecules during cellular respiration Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide- electron carrier/acceptor NADH passes electrons to the electron transport chain when O2 is present Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria Stages of cellular respiration Glycolysis occurs in cytoplasm Breaks down glucose with end product being pyruvic End process pyruvic goes to citric acid cycle

Cellular Respiration

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redox

Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration?Harvesting Chemical Energy Concept 9.6 (176 ? 178) is not required knowledge for the AP? exam and is omitted. Overview: Life Is Work living cells require transfusions of energy from outside sources to perform their tasks energy enters into an ecosystem as sunlight and leaves as heat Concept 9.1: Catabolic pathways yield energy by oxidizing organic fuels Catabolic Pathways and Production of ATP breakdown of organic molecules is exergonic fermentation is a partial degradation of sugars that occurs without oxygen cellular respiration is the most prevalent and efficient catabolic pathway consumes oxygen and organic molecules (i.e. glucose) yields ATP to keep working, cells must regenerate ATP Redox Reactions: Oxidation and Reduction

Campbell Biology Chapter 9 Outline

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Mitochondrial matrix

Technology

Mica Piro Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration & Fermentation Catabolic Pathways Yield Energy by Oxidizing Organic Fuels (9.1) Catabolic Pathways and Production of ATP Organic compounds possess potential energy as a result of the arrangement of electrons in the bonds between their atoms Compounds that can participate in exergonic reactions can act as fuels Through enzyme activity, a cell systematically degrades complex organic molecules that are rich in potential energy to simpler waste products that have less energy (some energy used to do work; the rest is released as heat) One catabolic process called fermentation is a partial degradation of sugars or other organic fuel that occurs without the use of oxygen

AP BIO Chapter 09

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