Integral membrane proteins

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Oxidative phosphorylation

Adenosine triphosphate

Glycolysis

Electron transport chain

Citric acid cycle

Glucose

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

Cell Respiration Vocab Acetyl Coenzyme A??-? A small molecule that carries acetyl functional groups in cells. Composed of an acetyl group attached to a coenzyme A molecule. The starting product of the citric acid cycle. Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)??-? The molecule from which cells derive energy. Comprised of an adenosine molecule bonded to three phosphates, each phosphate bond contains energy, especially the third bond. By breaking that one bond and reducing ATP to adenosine?diphosphate (ADP), the cell can get the energy to carry out its various processes. Aerobic respiration??-? A metabolic process involving oxygen in the breakdown of glucose.

Human Geo

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Human Geography

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G protein–coupled receptor

Cell surface receptor

Biochemical cascade

Paracrine signalling

G protein

Protein kinase

Hormone

Chapter 11 Cell Communication Overview: The Cellular Internet Cell-to-cell communication is essential for multicellular organisms Biologists have discovered some universal mechanisms of cellular regulation The combined effects of multiple signals determine cell response For example, the dilation of blood vessels is controlled by multiple molecules Copyright ? 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Fig. 11-1 Concept 11.1: External signals are converted to responses within the cell Microbes are a window on the role of cell signaling in the evolution of life Copyright ? 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Evolution of Cell Signaling

Cell Communication

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G protein-coupled receptor

Second messenger system

Cell surface receptor

Hormone

G protein

Adenylate cyclase

Chapter 11 Cell Communication Overview: The Cellular Internet essential for multicellular organism the combined effects of multiple signals determine cell response Concept 11.1: External signals are converted into responses within the cell Evolution of Cell Signaling yeast cells identify their mates by cell signaling a signal transduction pathway is a series of steps by which a signal on a cell?s surface is converted into a specific cellular response pathway similarities suggest that ancestral signaling molecules evolved in prokaryotes and were modified later in eukaryotes Local and Long Distance Signaling the concentration of signaling molecules allows bacteria to detect population density cells in a multicellular organism communicate via chemical messengers

Campbell Biology Chapter 11 Outline

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G protein-coupled receptor

Cell surface receptor

Hormone

G protein

Receptor

Second messenger system

Mica Piro Chapter 11: Cell Communication External Signals are Converted to Responses Within the Cell (11.1) Evolution of Cell Signaling One topic of sell ?conversation? is sex?a type of yeast cell identify their mates by chemical signaling 2 sexes: a and ? Each type secretes a specific factor that binds to receptors only on the other type of cell When exposed to each other?s mating actors, a pair of cells of opposite type change shape, grow toward each other, and fuse/matethe new a/? cell contains all the genes of both original cells Once received by the yeast cell surface receptor, a mating signal is changed, or transduced, into a form that brings about the response of mating, which occurs in a series of steps called a signal transduction pathway

campbell_ap_bio_practice_test_ch7

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Membrane biology

Cell Biology

diffusion

Osmosis

Semipermeable membrane

Carrier protein

Chapter?7 Membrane?Structure?and?Function Multiple-Choice?Questions 1) Who?was/were?the?first?to?propose?that?cell?membranes?are?phospholipid?bilayers? A) H.?Davson?and?J.?Danielli B) I.?Langmuir C) C.?Overton D) S.?Singer?and?G.?Nicolson E) E.?Gorter?and?F.?Grendel Answer: E Topic: Concept?7.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 2) Who?proposed?that?membranes?are?a?phospholipid?bilayer?between?two?layers?of?hydrophilic?proteins? A) H.?Davson?and?J.?Danielli B) I.?Langmuir C) C.?Overton D) S.?Singer?and?G.?Nicolson E) E.?Gorter?and?F.?Grendel Answer: A Topic: Concept?7.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 3) Who?proposed?that?the?membrane?is?a?mosaic?of?protein?molecules?bobbing?in?a?fluid?bilayer?of?phospholipids? A) H.?Davson?and?J.?Danielli B) I.?Langmuir C) C.?Overton

Campbell Biology 9th Edition Chapters 6-9 Study Guide

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Oxidative phosphorylation

mitochondrion

Vesicle

cell

Chemiosmosis

Adenosine triphosphate

Chapter 8 Metabolism The totality of an organism?s chemical reactions An emergent property of life that arises from orderly interactions between molecules A chemical reaction is an alteration in the chemical properties of a molecule Often these chemical properties of a molecule are changed in a series of steps Ex: breaking down and changing the chemistry of what you eat A metabolic pathway is a series of steps that alter a molecule to manage material and energy It begins with a specific molecule, which is then altered in a series of defined steps, resulting in a certain product Therefore, metabolism is the management of materials and energy in an organism utilizing chemical reactions in specific pathways 2 Basic Metabolic Pathways

exam 2.2

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Vesicle

Introduction to Cell Biology Name: October 28, 2010 Student ID: Exam II - Version 1 Section 1: Complete each sentence with one of the two answers (A / B) (3 points each). 1. donate high-energy electrons for synthesis of ATP. A) NAD+ B) NADH 2. Modern eucaryotes depend on mitochondria to generate most of the cell?s ATP. A single molecule of glucose can generate molecules of ATP. A) 30 B) 36 3. gradient serves as an energy store and is used to drive the synthesis of ATP by the ATP synthase. A) Sodium B) Proton 4. The chemiosmotic mechanism of ATP synthesis in mitochondria is called . A) oxidative phosphorylation B) electron transfer 5. The cytochrome oxidase is a protein complex that receive electron from . A) cytochrome b-c1 complex

AP Biology Ch. 8-10 Vocabulary

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Light-dependent reactions

Plant physiology

Photosystem

metabolism

Photosynthetic reaction centre

Environment

AP Biology Chapters 8-10 Vocabulary Chapter 8: Activation energy: the amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start Active site: the specific portion of an enzyme that attaches to the substrate by means of weak chemical bonds ATP: an adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells Catalyst: a chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction. Coenzyme: an organic molecule serving as a cofactor. Most vitamins function as coenzymes in important metabolic reactions

AP BIO Photosynthesis Vocab

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