G protein

Peripheral membrane proteins

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Cell membrane

Biological membrane

Adenosine triphosphate

Integral membrane proteins

Lipid raft

Chapter 5 Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling Fluid Mosaic Model Major Membrane Components Phospholipids Phosphate, glycerol, 2 fatty acids Fatty acid composition influences membrane fluidity Hydrophilic phosphate; hydrophobic fatty acids Cholesterol Influences membrane fluidity (flexibility) Glycoproteins Important in cell-to-cell recognition Proteins Integral ? passes through cell membrane Peripheral ? attached to one side of membrane Phospholipids Proportion of saturated and unsaturated fatty acid tails affect membrane fluidity Cholesterol Reduces membrane fluidity Prevents solidification of membrane at low temperatures Glycoproteins Carbohydrate chains (attached to proteins) vary between species, individuals, and even cell types Important in identifying ?self?

Human Geo

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Human Geography

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G protein–coupled receptor

Biochemical cascade

Paracrine signalling

Protein kinase

Chapter 11 Cell Communication Overview: The Cellular Internet Cell-to-cell communication is essential for multicellular organisms Biologists have discovered some universal mechanisms of cellular regulation The combined effects of multiple signals determine cell response For example, the dilation of blood vessels is controlled by multiple molecules Copyright ? 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Fig. 11-1 Concept 11.1: External signals are converted to responses within the cell Microbes are a window on the role of cell signaling in the evolution of life Copyright ? 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Evolution of Cell Signaling

quiz 8

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Adenosine triphosphate

Chemokine receptor

A cell lacking glycoproteins on the external surface of its plasma membrane would likely be inefficient in a. transporting ions against a concentration gradient b. cell-cell recognition c. maintaining fluidity of the phospholipid bilayer d. attaching to the cytoskeleton e. establishing the diffusion barrier to charged molecules. White blood cell engulf bacteria through what process? a. exocytosis b. phagocytosis c. pinocytosis d. osmosis e. active transport During signal-transduction Ca++ and cAMP function as a. ligands. b. receptors. c. secondary messengers. d. inhibitors. e. responders

Membrane Reception Activity

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Membrane Reception Activity Work in groups of 3-4.

Cell Communication

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Integral membrane proteins

Adenylate cyclase

Chapter 11 Cell Communication Overview: The Cellular Internet essential for multicellular organism the combined effects of multiple signals determine cell response Concept 11.1: External signals are converted into responses within the cell Evolution of Cell Signaling yeast cells identify their mates by cell signaling a signal transduction pathway is a series of steps by which a signal on a cell?s surface is converted into a specific cellular response pathway similarities suggest that ancestral signaling molecules evolved in prokaryotes and were modified later in eukaryotes Local and Long Distance Signaling the concentration of signaling molecules allows bacteria to detect population density cells in a multicellular organism communicate via chemical messengers

Campbell Biology Chapter 11 Outline

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Integral membrane proteins

Mica Piro Chapter 11: Cell Communication External Signals are Converted to Responses Within the Cell (11.1) Evolution of Cell Signaling One topic of sell ?conversation? is sex?a type of yeast cell identify their mates by chemical signaling 2 sexes: a and ? Each type secretes a specific factor that binds to receptors only on the other type of cell When exposed to each other?s mating actors, a pair of cells of opposite type change shape, grow toward each other, and fuse/matethe new a/? cell contains all the genes of both original cells Once received by the yeast cell surface receptor, a mating signal is changed, or transduced, into a form that brings about the response of mating, which occurs in a series of steps called a signal transduction pathway

AP Biology Notes Chapter 11 (Campbell/Reece)

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CAMP-dependent pathway

Chapter 11 ? Cell Communication Overview: The Cellular Internet The trillions of cells in a multicellular organism must communicate with each other to coordinate their activities. There are networks of communication between cells ? can be very complicated There are Universal Mechanisms of cellular regulation (and communication) ? this is further evidence that all life is related (evolutionarily). 11.1 External Signals are converted to responses within the cell What do the cells say to each other? Evolution of Cell Signaling: One thing they talk about is sex/reproduction. Example: Yeast cells: (figure 11.2) There are two genders or mating types ? ?a? and ?alpha? Type ?a? cells secrete ?a? factor which can bind on specific receptors on the ?alpha? cell

Chapter 11 Cell Communication

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Protein kinase

Phosphorylation

AP

campbell

cell communication

overview

summary

Lecture Outline for Campbell/Reece Biology, 7th Edition, ? Pearson Education, Inc. 11-1 Chapter 11 Cell Communication Lecture Outline Overview: The Cellular Internet ? Cell-to-cell communication is absolutely essential for multicellular organisms. ? Cells must communicate to coordinate their activities. ? Communication between cells is also important for many unicellular organisms. ? Biologists have discovered universal mechanisms of cellular regulation involving the same small set of cell-signaling mechanisms. ? The ubiquity of these mechanisms provides additional evidence for the evolutionary relatedness of all life. ? Cells most often communicate by chemical signals, although signals may take other forms.

cell commun

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Cyclic adenosine monophosphate

Protein kinase