Endomembrane system

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Outline of cell biology

Ch. 6 AP Bio Lecture Date Notes Questions 9/29 Multicellular organisms, many cell types, specialized tasks Single cell, singular task done for survival Body is like ecosystem 80% cells are microbes that live in gut Signaling is essential for multicellular organisms Big Brain Theory ? Mutations made so many times that the cells could send signals in so many different ways White Blood Cells stick to walls of Arteries Tumble of surface while red blood cells move as fluids. White Blood Cells Like Velcro Signals change that, proteins that make them less sticky so that they can move to areas where there is damage or stickiness when not being used. Done so that signals are efficiently received. Microtubules contribute to the cytoskeleton

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Endomembrane system

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Endomembrane System This system controls the process of making proteins specified by the DNA in the nucleus and includes the organelles of the smooth ER, rough ER, and golgi apparatus. *Although ribosomes make proteins, it is not included in this system because it is not a membrane bound organelle and just composed of RNA and proteins.

Pearson Ch 6 - A Tour of the Cell

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Actin

Ch 6: A Tour of the Cell Concept 6.2: Eukaryotic cells have internal membranes that compartmentalize their functions The basic structural and functional unit of every organism is one of two types of cells: prokaryotic or eukaryotic Only organisms of the domains Bacteria and Archaea consist of prokaryotic cells Protists, fungi, animals, and plants all consist of eukaryotic cells Overview: The Fundamental Units of Life All organisms are made of cells The cell is the simplest collection of matter that can be alive Cell structure is correlated to cellular function All cells are related by their descent from earlier cells Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Basic features of all cells: Plasma membrane Semifluid substance called cytosol Chromosomes (carry genes)

Campbell9thEdChapter6Tour of the Cell

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Outline of cell biology

Actin

mitochondrion

plant cell

Biological membrane

A Tour of the Cell Chapter 6 Overview: The Fundamental Units of Life All organisms are made of cells The cell is the simplest collection of matter that can be alive Cell structure is correlated to cellular function All cells are related by their descent from earlier cells ? 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 6.1 Concept 6.1: Biologists use microscopes and the tools of biochemistry to study cells Though usually too small to be seen by the unaided eye, cells can be complex ? 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Microscopy Scientists use microscopes to visualize cells too small to see with the naked eye In a light microscope (LM), visible light is passed through a specimen and then through glass lenses Lenses refract (bend) the light, so that the image is magnified

AP Bio Chp 6

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Endomembrane system

Cytoskeleton

AP Biology Reading Guide Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell Fred and Theresa Holtzclaw Copyright ? 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. - 1 - Name_______________________Period___________ Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell Concept 6.1 To study cells, biologists use microscopes and the tools of biochemistry 1. The study of cells has been limited by their small size, and so they were not seen and described until 1665, when Robert Hooke first looked at dead cells from an oak tree. His contemporary, Anton van Leeuwenhoek, crafted lenses; and with the improvements in optical aids, a new world was opened. Magnification and resolving power limit what can be seen. Explain the difference.

quiz 5

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Which of the following is NOT found as a part of all eukaryotic cells? a. cell wall b. plasma membrane c. ribosomes d. golgi apparatus e. mitochondria Which of the following cell types would have the largest amount of SER? a. liver cells b. intestinal cells c. adipose cells d. sperm e. pancreatic cells You are studying a mutant type of cells in which proteins are synthesized but not sorted and targeted to the proper destination. You hypothesize that this cell has defective: a. Nucleus. b. Lysosomes. c. SER. d. RER. e. Golgi apparatus.

Cell bio chapter 6

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Cell Biology

Endomembrane system

cell

Cells Use molecules to: Transform energy and matter Respond to the environment Reproduce themselves Lowest level that can perform all activities required for life Cell theory Cells are the fundamental units of life All organisms are composed of cells All cells are going to be derived from preexisting cells Are similar in chemical composition Concept 6.1 Microscopes and the Tools of Biochemistry are used to Study Cells Magnification: ratio of image size to real size Resolution: measure of clarity What is the minimum distance required to distinguish two points as separate Light microscopy View living cells Magnify 2000X Resolution: 200nm Electron microscopes View dead cells Magnify 2,000,000X Resolution 0.2 nm Scanning electron microscopy Surface of a specimen (3D)

The Endomembrane system

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The Endomembrane system Organelle recap? Ribosomes Ribosomes: a complex of ribosomal RNA (rRNA, synthesised in the nucleolus) and proteins Ribosomes carry out protein synthesis in: The cystol/plasm (free ribosomes) On the outside of the rough endoplasmic reticulum Free ribosomes make proteins used within the cell e.g. enzymes Bound ribosomes make proteins which are often secreted e.g insulin made in pancreatic cells Endoplasmic reticulum Form Accounts for more than half of the total membrane in many eukaryotic cells The ER membrane is continuous with the nuclear envelope There are two distinct regions of ER: Smooth ER: lacks ribosomes Rough ER: ribosomes are bound to the outer membrane Functions: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

The Cell

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Lysosome

Chapter 6 A Tour of the Cell Concept 6.2: Eukaryotic cells have internal membranes that compartmentalize their functions two types of cells make up all organisms?prokaryotic and eukaryotic only domains Bacteria and Archaea consist of prokaryotes Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells bounded by a membrane?plasma membrane within the membrane is a semifluid. cytosol, in which organelles are found all contain chromosomes and ribosomes Prokaryotic Cells no nucleus; DNA is concentrated in a region called the nucleoid, but no membrane separates this region from the rest of the cell Eukaryotic Cells have a true nucleus, bounded by a membranous nuclear envelope entire region between the nucleus and plasma membrane is the cytoplasm

Campbell Biology Chapter 6 Outline

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