Oxidative phosphorylation

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Copyright ? 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. - 1 - Name_______________________Period___________ Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy Overview: Before getting involved with the details of cellular respiration and photosynthesis, take a second to look at the big picture. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are key ecological concepts involved with energy flow. Use Figure 9.2 to label the missing parts below. See page 163 of your text for labeled figure. Concept 9.1 Catabolic pathways yield energy by oxidizing organic fuels 1. Explain the difference between fermentation and cellular respiration. Fermentation is a partial degradation of sugars or other organic fuel that occurs without the use of oxygen.

Biology respiration objectives

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metabolism

Adenosine triphosphate

Photosynthesis

Vocabulary Entropy- a thermodynamic quantity representing the unavailability of a system's thermal energy for conversion into mechanical work, often interpreted as the degree of disorder or randomness in the system Catabolism- the breakdown of complex molecules in living organisms to form simpler ones, together with the release of energy; destructive metabolism. Anabolism- the synthesis of complex molecules in living organisms from simpler ones together with the storage of energy; constructive metabolism. Cellular Respiration- the metabolic processes whereby certain organisms obtain energy from organic molecules Glycolysis- the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid.

Overview of Respiration

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Carbohydrate catabolism

Anaerobic respiration

redox

health

Technology

Cellular Respiration?An Overview 1 Cellular Respiration?An Overview What are the phases of cellular respiration? Why? All cells need energy all the time, and their primary source of energy is ATP. The methods cells use to make ATP vary depending on the availability of oxygen and their biological make-up. In many cases the cells are in an oxygen-rich environment. For example, as you sit and read this sentence, you are breathing in oxygen, which is then carried throughout your body by red blood cells. But, some cells grow in envi- ronments without oxygen (yeast in wine-making or the bacteria that cause botulism in canned food), and occasionally animal cells must function without sufficient oxygen (as in running sprints). In this

Cellular Respiration

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Carbohydrate catabolism

Anaerobic respiration

redox

health

Technology

Cellular Respiration?An Overview 1 Cellular Respiration?An Overview What are the phases of cellular respiration? Why? All cells need energy all the time, and their primary source of energy is ATP. The methods cells use to make ATP vary depending on the availability of oxygen and their biological make-up. In many cases the cells are in an oxygen-rich environment. For example, as you sit and read this sentence, you are breathing in oxygen, which is then carried throughout your body by red blood cells. But, some cells grow in envi- ronments without oxygen (yeast in wine-making or the bacteria that cause botulism in canned food), and occasionally animal cells must function without sufficient oxygen (as in running sprints). In this

bio, cell respiration

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cellular respiration

biochemistry

Chemistry

Glycolysis

Pyruvate decarboxylation

bio

cell respiration

AP Biology Name _________________________ Chapter 9 Guided Reading Assignment? ? Define the two catabolic pathways: Fermentation? Cellular respiration?? Use the following terms correctly in a sentence: redox reactions, oxidation, reduction, reducing agent and oxidizing agent.??? Why is being ?reduced? equivalent to having a greater potential energy????? In cellular respiration, what is being oxidized and what is being reduced??? Label the diagram below of the electron movement with regard to the coenzyme NAD+. Use Fig 9.4.????? Why are electron transport chains an advantage to living systems??? What are the three stages of aerobic cellular respiration??? What is substrate-level phosphorylation??? Complete the chart below re: glycolysis???

Biology Map

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cellular respiration

biochemistry

ATP synthase

9.4: During oxidative phosphorylation, chemiosmosis couples electron transport to ATP synthesis. The electron transport chain and the electron flow down the chain is coupled to ATP synthesis. The electron transport chain is a collection of molecules embedded in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion in eukaryotic cells. Most components of the chain are proteins. Tightly bound to these proteins are prosthetic groups, nonprotein components essential for the catalytic functions of certain enzymes. During the e- transport along the chain, e- carriers alternate between reduced and oxidized states as they accept and donate e-. Each component of the chain becomes reduced when it accepts e- from its ?uphill? neighbor, which has

Biology Concept Map

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metabolism

redox

9.1: Catabolic pathways yield energy by oxidizing organic fuels. Redox reactions: oxidation and reduction. The stages of cellular respiration. In redox reactions the loss of e- from one substance is called oxidation. The gain to the other is known as reduction. The harvesting of energy from glucose by cellular respiration is a cumulative function of three metabolic stages: Catabolic pathways and production of ATP Organic compounds possess potential energy because of the arrangement of electrons in bonds between atoms. Compounds that participate in exergonic reactions can act as fuel. Enzymes help cells degrade complex organic molecules that are rich in potential energy. This breakdown can provide energy to

Cellular Respiration Free response question and answer

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Crista

mitochondrion

Pyruvic acid

Breanna Takacs AP Biology A2 11/27/12 Cellular Respiration Free Response Questions The Krebs Cycle and oxidative phosphorylation are both processes involved in obtaining ATP from pyruvate, the end product of glycolysis. Before the Krebs Cycle actually begins, pyruvate combines with coenzyme A to produce acetyl CoA. One NADH and one CO2 are produced. Then the Krebs Cycle begins when citrate is formed by combining acetyl CoA with OAA. 3NADH, 1 FADH2 are made and CO2 is released. It is possible for the Krebs Cycle to be a cycle because the last product is OAA which reacts with acetyl CoA.

AP BIO Respiration Vocab

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cellular respiration

biochemistry

Chemistry

Glycolysis