Philosophy of biology

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Population genetics

Genetics

Hardy–Weinberg principle

health

The Hardy-Weinberg principle The Hardy-Weinberg principle: the frequency of alleles and genotypes in a population?s gene pool will remain constant from one generation to the next. Provided that only Mendelian segregation and recombination of alleles are at work Describes a population that is not evolving The Hardy-Weinberg principle describes a hypothetical population Changes to allelic frequency and genotype always occur in real populations The equation p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 p2 and q2 represent the frequencies of the homozygous genotypes 2pq represents the frequency of the heterozygous genotype Conditions of the Hardy-Weinberg Principle Population size = extremely large No gene flow can occur (no immigration or emigration of individuals) No mutations No natural selection

BIO152 Lecture 12 Darwin and Natural Selection

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Mimicry

Lecture 12-13 BIO152 Darwin and Natural Selection L12 mimicry means similar to something else mimicry can be shape and just not behavior mimic octopus is an example, it mimics a number of poisonous sea animals shape, behavior and colour chromataphors- changes shape , not just colour but patters uniform-little or no contrast moderate- destructive- to interfere with the colour that the actuall organism is octopus is colour blind but because of chromataphors not just matching colour behind you but the texture lyer bird makes sounds that they hear in their environment **Fig 23.13 Less than 35 years Think-Pair-Share Q: Where did antibiotic resistance gene come from?

BIO152 Lecture 12 The Origin of Species

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Scientific classification

Speciation

Classical genetics

Allopatric speciation

Reproductive isolation

Sympatry

Polyploid

Hybrid

Lecture 16-17 BIO152 The Origin of Species L16 flightless : can?t fly but its a really good swimmer Biological species concept states a species is group whose members have potential to interbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring mule is viable but not fertile reproductive isolation-barriers that prevent two species from breeding reproductive isolation is classified if it happens before or after fertilization sperm of one species may not be able to fertilize the other- gameric isolation they may be viable in one generation but not the others- hybrid breakdown post zygotic barriers have to do with hybrids beluga seal intrasextual- inflates balloon to warn of males if they approach and use his balloon again to attract female (intersextual)

Practice Questions

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Conservation

Reconciliation ecology

Extinction

Invasive species

Biological Diversity, Animal Behavior & Endangered Species Study Guide 1. What is biodiversity? What is the underlying cause of biodiversity? Biodiversity is a variety of different species in a specific area. The major cause for lowering biodiversity is the loss of habitat due to human kind activities. 2. Biological diversity involves the following concepts. Explain each: Genetic diversity ? variety of genes in a species to allow for it to have an reproductive advantage Habitat/ecosystem diversity- large area with different biomes for organisms to thrive in. Species diversity- number of different species and their abundance.

Chapter 4 outline

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Chapter 4 Evolution and Biodiversity Summary 1. Life emerged on the earth through two phases of development: a chemical evolution of the organic molecules, biopolymers, and systems of chemical reactions to form the first cells and the biological evolution from single-celled prokaryotic bacteria to single-celled eukaryotic creatures, and then to multicellular organisms. 2. Evolution is the change in a population?s genetic makeup over time. Evolution forces adaptations to changes in environmental conditions in a population. The diversity of life on earth reflects the wide variety of adaptations necessary and suggests that environmental conditions have varied widely over the life of the earth.

Chapter 3 questions

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Chemistry

matter

Oxide

AP Environmental Science Unit 2 Test Ch. 3 & 4 Do NOT write on the test 49) Which statement describes the result of the second law of thermodynamics? A. In any isolated system entropy tends to increase spontaneously. B. Heat energy always flows spontaneously from hot to cold. C. Energy can not be created or destroyed. D. Energy input always equals energy output. 50) The energy available to the tertiary consumers (top carnivores) in a particular ecosystem is 10 kJ m?2 y?1. How much energy (in kJ m?2 y?1 ) is likely to be passed on by the producers to the primary consumers? A. 1 B. 10 C. 100 D. 1000 E. 10,000 51) How is the net productivity of the producers in an ecosystem defined? A. Energy fixed by biomass per unit time plus respiratory losses

Living in the Environment 16th Ed. : Ch.9 Key Terms

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International Union for Conservation of Nature

Conservation

Endangered species

Extinction

Overexploitation

Precautionary principle

Conservation biology

Chapter 9 background extinction During most of the 3.56 billion years that life has existed on the earth, there has been a continuous, low level of extinction of species known as background extinction. endangered species has so few individual survivors that the species could soon become extinct over all or most of its natural range (the area in which it is normally found). extinction rate expressed as a percentage or number of species that go extinct within a certain time period such as a year. HIPPCO Habitat destruction, degradation, and fragmentation;?Invasive (nonnative) species;?Population and resource use growth (too many people consuming too many resources);?Pollution;?Climate change; and?Overexploitation. instrumental value

Intro to Evolution and Evolutionary Genetics: Overview

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Cell Cycle cancer is the cell cycle going out of control most animal species are diploid cell division is a part of the cell cycle DNA is just the one molecule when you see chromosomes in a condensed state, DNA replication has already occurred cell division time varies according to cell type, but takes about 24h on average Meiosis ?How does meiosis affect genetic content?? asexual reproduction is quick and efficient transition to haploid occurs at anaphase II chiasma: crossing over 2n: number of possible chromosomal recombinations Genetics Problems note ratio - see if epistasis is occurring outside members of the genetic line can bring mutated alleles for carrier questions, discard affected genotypes from Punnett square (setting a limit)

AP BIO Chapter 01

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Linguistics

Science

education

Educational psychology

Question

Cadence SKILL