ecosystem

environmental science

plants

Ecological succession

Ecology Study Guide Chapter 51 Animal behavior is anything to do with animals and they way they function and reproduce. Proximate cause is the immediate trigger for a behavior. For example, if a zebra is drinking at a water hole, and all of a sudden it hears another zebra nearby make an alarm call, it may stop drinking immediately and start running away instead. The proximate cause of the zebra running away would be the alarm call. But the ultimate cause, or real reason why the zebra is running is survival. It is running away because it wants to survive. The alarm call is not the source of danger, but the alarm call alerts the zebra that danger, such as a lion, may be nearby and the lion can threaten the zebra's chance to survive.

Ecology: background information

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Interspecific competition

Biological dispersal

community

Theoretical ecology

Biological interaction

Ecology: Definitions Ecology: The scientific study of the interactions between organisms and their environment that determines the distribution and abundance of organisms Ecology is a science Environmentalism is a cause Conservation Biology is the integration of these two: using science to support a political cause Population ecology: experimental field approach: natural populations manipulated to test specific predictions arising from controversial ecological theory Organismal ecology: studies how an organism?s structure, physiology, and (for animals) behaviour meet environmental challenges Population: all the individuals of the same species within an ecosystem Population ecology focuses on factors affecting how many individuals of a species live in an area

Chapter 4 outline

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Evolutionary biology

Philosophy of biology

Chapter 4 Evolution and Biodiversity Summary 1. Life emerged on the earth through two phases of development: a chemical evolution of the organic molecules, biopolymers, and systems of chemical reactions to form the first cells and the biological evolution from single-celled prokaryotic bacteria to single-celled eukaryotic creatures, and then to multicellular organisms. 2. Evolution is the change in a population?s genetic makeup over time. Evolution forces adaptations to changes in environmental conditions in a population. The diversity of life on earth reflects the wide variety of adaptations necessary and suggests that environmental conditions have varied widely over the life of the earth.

Living in the Environment 16th Ed. : Ch.4 Key Terms

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Chapter 4 adaptation, or adaptive trait any heritable trait that enables an individual organism to survive through natural selection and to reproduce more than other individuals under prevailing environmental conditions. background extinction Throughout most of history, species have disappeared at a low rate, called background extinction. biological diversity, or biodiversity the variety of the earth?s species, the genes they contain, the ecosystems in which they live, and the ecosystem processes such as energy flow and nutrient cycling that sustain all life. biological evolution the process whereby earth?s life changes over time through changes in the genes of populations. differential reproduction

AP Environmental Science Ch.1 outline

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earth

Environmental social science

Environmental economics

Ecosystem services

ecosystem

sustainability

Environmental movement

biodiversity

Christian Boujaoude August 13, 2014 Period 10 AP Environmental Science Chapter 1: Studying the State of Our Earth I. The Mysterious Neuse River Fish Killer A. Pfiesteria 1. Emits a potent toxin that quickly kills fish 2. Could have up to 24 life stages a. Carnivorous stage b. Free floating amoeba c. Protective casing and able to remain dormant 3. The discovery of Pfiesteria in North Carolina Rivers created panic among the areas recreation and fishing industries 4. Many investigators were very skeptical and even thought that Pfiesteria didn?t produce toxins at all 5. Pfiesteria shows that releasing waste material into a river can affect the environment in complex and unexpected ways 6. Also displays how controversial how environmental science can be

Prentice Hall World Geography Chapter 21 Review

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Human Geography

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Asia

Physical geography

earth

Climate

Western Asia

Mediterranean climate

desert

World Geography Chapter 21 Regional Atlas: Introduction to Central and Southwest Asia Copyright ? 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. SECTION World Geography Copyright ? 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. Section 1: Historical Overview Section 2: Physical Characteristics Section 3: Climates Section 4: Ecosystems Chapter 21: Regional Atlas: Introduction to Central and Southwest Asia Section 5: People and Cultures Section 6: Economics, Technology and Environment Section 7: Database SECTION Historical Overview The Sumerians developed a complex civilization, and later Judaism and Christianity emerged as religions based on monotheism.

Chapter 3 Notes

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Primary production

Ecological efficiency

Terrestrial ecosystem

Photosynthesis

Nutrient cycle

Chapter 3 Notes Ecosystem Boundaries Biotic and abiotic components of an ecosystem provide the boundaries that separates them from one another Some have a well-defined boundaries: Like a cave Scientist might define a terrestrial ecosystem as the range of a particular species of interest Ecosystems occur in a wide range of sizes Ecosystem Process Each ecosystem interacts with surrounding ecosystems Change in ONE ecosystem can affect the global environment Photosynthesis and Respiration Nearly all of the energy that powers ecosystems comes from the sun Plants, algae and other organisms have the ability to convert the suns solar energy to usable from of energy, these are called producers/autotrophs

Ecosystem Services

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Soil

Ecological restoration

Seed

Ecosystem Services Definition: Conditions and processes through which natural ecosystems, and the species that make them up, sustain and fulfill human life. Some Services: Purification of air and water Mitigations of floods and droughts Detoxification and decomposition of waste products Generation and renewal of soil and soil fertility Pollination of crops and natural vegetation Control of the vast majority of potential agricultural pests Dispersal of seeds and translocation of nutrients Maintenance of biodiversity, from which humanity has derived key elements of its agricultural, medical and industrial enterprise Protection from the sun?s harmful rays Partial stabilization of climate Moderation of temperature extremes and the force of winds and water

Living In The Environment 16th Edition, Chapter 4 Outline

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Evolutionary biology

biodiversity

Philosophy of biology

environmental science

APES

LITE 16

Chapter 4

Chapter 4: Biodiversity and Evolution 4-1 What is biodiversity and why is it important? Biodiversity is a Crucial Part of the Earth?s Natural Capital Biological Diversity (Biodiversity) is the variety of the earth?s species. The genes they contain, the ecosystem in which they live, and the ecosystem processes such as energy flow nutrient cycling that sustain all life. Genetic Diversity enables life on earth to adapt and survive dramatic environmental changes. Ecosystem diversity are storehouses of genetic and species diversity Functional diversity is the variety of processes such as matter cycling and energy flow taking place within ecosystems. 4-2 Where Do Species Come From? Biological Evolution by Natural Selection Explains How Life Changes Over Time

succession

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Ecological succession

Terminology