Extinction

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Conservation

Reconciliation ecology

Invasive species

Biological Diversity, Animal Behavior & Endangered Species Study Guide 1. What is biodiversity? What is the underlying cause of biodiversity? Biodiversity is a variety of different species in a specific area. The major cause for lowering biodiversity is the loss of habitat due to human kind activities. 2. Biological diversity involves the following concepts. Explain each: Genetic diversity ? variety of genes in a species to allow for it to have an reproductive advantage Habitat/ecosystem diversity- large area with different biomes for organisms to thrive in. Species diversity- number of different species and their abundance.

Chapter 4 outline

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Evolutionary biology

Chapter 4 Evolution and Biodiversity Summary 1. Life emerged on the earth through two phases of development: a chemical evolution of the organic molecules, biopolymers, and systems of chemical reactions to form the first cells and the biological evolution from single-celled prokaryotic bacteria to single-celled eukaryotic creatures, and then to multicellular organisms. 2. Evolution is the change in a population?s genetic makeup over time. Evolution forces adaptations to changes in environmental conditions in a population. The diversity of life on earth reflects the wide variety of adaptations necessary and suggests that environmental conditions have varied widely over the life of the earth.

Living in the Environment 16th Ed. : Ch.9 Key Terms

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International Union for Conservation of Nature

Conservation

Evolutionary biology

Endangered species

Overexploitation

Precautionary principle

Conservation biology

Chapter 9 background extinction During most of the 3.56 billion years that life has existed on the earth, there has been a continuous, low level of extinction of species known as background extinction. endangered species has so few individual survivors that the species could soon become extinct over all or most of its natural range (the area in which it is normally found). extinction rate expressed as a percentage or number of species that go extinct within a certain time period such as a year. HIPPCO Habitat destruction, degradation, and fragmentation;?Invasive (nonnative) species;?Population and resource use growth (too many people consuming too many resources);?Pollution;?Climate change; and?Overexploitation. instrumental value

Living in the Environment 16th Ed. : Ch.4 Key Terms

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Chapter 4 adaptation, or adaptive trait any heritable trait that enables an individual organism to survive through natural selection and to reproduce more than other individuals under prevailing environmental conditions. background extinction Throughout most of history, species have disappeared at a low rate, called background extinction. biological diversity, or biodiversity the variety of the earth?s species, the genes they contain, the ecosystems in which they live, and the ecosystem processes such as energy flow and nutrient cycling that sustain all life. biological evolution the process whereby earth?s life changes over time through changes in the genes of populations. differential reproduction

Weiten Chapter 6

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Psychology

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Behaviorism

behavior

Philosophy of psychology

Mind

Operant conditioning

Reinforcement

classical conditioning

Shaping

Chapter 6: Learning Classical Conditioning Ivan Pavlov Terminology Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) Conditioned Stimulus (CS) Unconditioned Response (UCR) Conditioned Response (CR) Figure 6.1 Classical conditioning apparatus Figure 6.2 The sequence of events in classical conditioning Figure 6.3 Classical conditioning of a fear response Basic Processes in Classical Conditioning Acquisition Extinction Spontaneous recovery Stimulus generalization Stimulus discrimination Higher-order conditioning Figure 6.6 Acquisition, extinction, and spontaneous recovery Figure 6.8 Higher-order conditioning Operant Conditioning B.F. Skinner (1953) ? principle of reinforcement ?Skinner box? Emission of response Reinforcement contingencies Cumulative recorder

AP psych chapter6 study guide

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Psychology

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Behaviorism

learning

behavior

Philosophy of psychology

Mind

Reinforcement

Operant conditioning

classical conditioning

Shaping

Stimulus control

Law of effect

Chapter 6 Study Guide: Learning Ivan Pavlov: A prominent Russian psychologist that first described the process of classical conditioning. He made his discovery while he was studying the role of saliva in the digestive processes of dogs. He was the ?Meat powder ? Ring of Bell ? Salivate? researcher. Classical (Pavlovian) Conditioning: A type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus (Example: The bell replaces the meat powder as a stimulus for salivating.) [Responses elicited = involuntary] UCS: A stimulus that evokes an unconditioned response without previous conditioning. (Example: Meat Powder)

Learning

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Psychology

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Behaviorism

behavior

learning

Philosophy of psychology

Mind

Operant conditioning

Reinforcement

classical conditioning

Shaping

Stimulus control

Neutral stimulus

Grant Clay Period 3 9/27/08 AP Psychology Outline Chapter 6: Learning Red ? Definition Blue - Important Points Green - Important People & Contributions Learning ? Any relatively durable Change in Behavior or Knowledge that is due to Experience. Conditioning ? Learning Associations between events that occur in an Organisms Environment. Classical Conditioning Phobias ? Irrational Fears of specific Objects or Situations. Classical Conditioning ? Type of Learning in which a Stimulus acquires the Capacity to Evoke a Response that was originally evoked by another Stimulus. Ivan Pavlov Pavlovian Conditioning Pavlov?s Dogs ? Prior to Dogs being Fed Meat, a Clicking Noise Occurred. Dogs started Salivating After awhile when the Click Occurred, prior to the Meat being given.

Population Ecology Lab

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Interspecific competition

Passer

Carrying capacity

Sparrow

Social Issues

Zoe Collins Mrs. G AP Bio Population Ecology Lab Introduction: For any population, a wide range of conditions can influence population size. Some of these conditions include environmental changes such as weather, habitat quality, and food availability. Other conditions involve interactions with competing populations of other species, and predator-prey relationships.

apes ch 12 powerpoint

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Conservation

International Union for Conservation of Nature

Millennium Development Goals

Endangered species

biodiversity

Endangered Species Act

Conservation biology

APES

Chapter 12 Sustaining Biodiversity: The Species Approach Core Case Study: The Passenger Pigeon - Gone Forever Once the most numerous bird on earth. In 1858, Passenger Pigeon hunting became a big business. By 1900 they became extinct from over-harvest and habitat loss. Figure 11-1 SPECIES EXTINCTION Species can become extinct: Locally: A species is no longer found in an area it once inhabited but is still found elsewhere in the world. Ecologically: Occurs when so few members of a species are left they no longer play its ecological role. Globally (biologically): Species is no longer found on the earth. Global Extinction Some animals have become prematurely extinct because of human activities. Figure 11-2 Endangered and Threatened Species: Ecological Smoke Alarms

Living In The Environment 16th Edition, Chapter 4 Outline

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Evolutionary biology

biodiversity

environmental science