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Hardy–Weinberg principle

Pearson Ch. 23 - The Evolution of Populations

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Ch 23: The Evolution of Populations Overview Microevolution is a change in allele frequencies in a population over generations Concept 23.1: Genetic variation makes evolution possible Genetic Variation Genetic variation among individuals is caused by differences in genes or other DNA segments Phenotype is the product of inherited genotype and environmental influences Natural selection can only act on variation with a genetic component Formation of New Alleles New genes and alleles can arise by mutation or gene duplication A mutation is a heritable change in nucleotide sequence of DNA Only mutations in cells that produce gametes can be passed to offspring A point mutation is a change in one base in a gene The effects of point mutations can vary:

The Hardy-Weinberg principle

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The Hardy-Weinberg principle The Hardy-Weinberg principle: the frequency of alleles and genotypes in a population?s gene pool will remain constant from one generation to the next. Provided that only Mendelian segregation and recombination of alleles are at work Describes a population that is not evolving The Hardy-Weinberg principle describes a hypothetical population Changes to allelic frequency and genotype always occur in real populations The equation p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 p2 and q2 represent the frequencies of the homozygous genotypes 2pq represents the frequency of the heterozygous genotype Conditions of the Hardy-Weinberg Principle Population size = extremely large No gene flow can occur (no immigration or emigration of individuals) No mutations No natural selection

Hardy Weinberg Answers

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Bio II DiGennaro Hardy-Weinberg Practice Problems A population of rabbits may be brown (the dominant phenotype) or white (the recessive phenotype). Brown rabbits have the genotype BB or Bb. White rabbits have the genotype bb. The frequency of the BB genotype is .35. What is the frequency of heterozygous rabbits? 0.484 What is the frequency of the B allele? 0.59 What is the frequency of the b allele? 0.41 A hypothetical population of 10,000 humans has 6840 individuals with the blood type AA, 2860 individuals with blood type AB and 300 individuals with the blood type BB. What is the frequency of each genotype in this population? AA = 0.684 / AB = 0.286 / BB = 0.03 What is the frequency of the A allele? 0.827 What is the frequency of the B allele? 0.173

Hardy Weinberg Problems

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Bio II DiGennaro Hardy-Weinberg Practice Problems A population of rabbits may be brown (the dominant phenotype) or white (the recessive phenotype). Brown rabbits have the genotype BB or Bb. White rabbits have the genotype bb. The frequency of the BB genotype is .35. What is the frequency of heterozygous rabbits? What is the frequency of the B allele? What is the frequency of the b allele? A hypothetical population of 10,000 humans has 6840 individuals with the blood type AA, 2860 individuals with blood type AB and 300 individuals with the blood type BB. What is the frequency of each genotype in this population? What is the frequency of the A allele? What is the frequency of the B allele?

AP Bio Reading Guide Answers CH 22-23

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Chapter 23: The Evolution of Populations This chapter begins with the idea that we focused on as we closed the last chapter: Individuals do not evolve! Populations evolve. The Overview looks at the work of Peter and Rosemary Grant with Gal?pagos finches to illustrate this point, and the rest of the chapter examines the change in populations over time. As in the last chapter, first read each concept to get the big picture and then go back to work on the details presented by our questions. Don?t lose sight of the conceptual understanding by getting lost in the details! Overview The Smallest Unit of Evolution ?One misconception is that organisms evolve, in the Darwinian sense, during their lifetimes

AP Bio Reading Guide Answers CH 23

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Chapter 23: The Evolution of Populations This chapter begins with the idea that we focused on as we closed the last chapter: Individuals do not evolve! Populations evolve. The Overview looks at the work of Peter and Rosemary Grant with Gal?pagos finches to illustrate this point, and the rest of the chapter examines the change in populations over time. As in the last chapter, first read each concept to get the big picture and then go back to work on the details presented by our questions. Don?t lose sight of the conceptual understanding by getting lost in the details! Overview The Smallest Unit of Evolution ?One misconception is that organisms evolve, in the Darwinian sense, during their lifetimes

Ap bio chapter 23 notes

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August 2013 Chapter 23 The Evolution of Populations 23.1 Population genetics provides a foundation for studying evolution Darwin and Mendel were contemporaries of the 19th century At the time both were unappreciated for their work Microevolution ? the generation-to-generation change in the population?s frequencies on alleles The Modern Synthesis The turning point for revolutionary theory was the development of population genetics Population Genetics ? Study on how a population changes over time Emphasizes genetic variation and recognizes the importance of quantitative characters Gene Pools and Allele Frequencies A population?s gene pool is defined by it?s allele frequencies (quantity of alleles in a population) Population ? a group of organism that belong to the same species
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