Zygosity

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Monohybrid cross

Dominance

Mendelian inheritance

Ch 14: Mendel and the Gene Idea Overview: Drawing from the Deck of Genes What genetic principles account for the passing of traits from parents to offspring? The ?blending? hypothesis is the idea that genetic material from the two parents blends together (like blue and yellow paint blend to make green) The ?particulate? hypothesis is the idea that parents pass on discrete heritable units (genes) This hypothesis can explain the reappearance of traits after several generations Mendel documented a particulate mechanism through his experiments with garden peas Concept 14.1: Mendel used the scientific approach to identify two laws of inheritance Mendel discovered the basic principles of heredity by breeding garden peas in carefully planned experiments

Ap Bio. Chapter 14 Review

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Chapter 14 Mendel and the Gene Idea Overview: Drawing from the Deck of Genes What genetic principles account for the passing of traits from parents to offspring? The ?blending? hypothesis is the idea that genetic material from the two parents blends together (like blue and yellow paint blend to make green) The ?particulate? hypothesis is the idea that parents pass on discrete heritable units (genes) Mendel documented a particulate mechanism through his experiments with garden peas Concept 14.1: Mendel used the scientific approach to identify two laws of inheritance Mendel discovered the basic principles of heredity by breeding garden peas in carefully planned experiments Mendel?s Experimental, Quantitative Approach Advantages of pea plants for genetic study:

Patterns of Heredity

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Mendelian inheritance

Patterns of Heredity and Human Genetics Mendelian Inheritance of Human Traits Pedigree: a graphic representation of genetic inheritance A pedigree uses symbols that identify males and females, family relationships, individuals affected by a trait being studied. Carrier: an individual who carries a recessive trait that is not expressed (heterozygous) Simple Recessive Heredity Most genetic disorders are caused by recessive alleles. Cystic Fibrosis Most common fatal genetic disorder in US among people of European descent (1/28 carry, 1/2500 affected) Cells in respiratory and digestive system produce huge quantities of mucus Catch infections easily and suffocate Usually die before reach 20?s Tay-Sachs Disease

Campbell Biology Chapter 14 Summary

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Introduction to genetics

Chapter 14 Mendel and the Gene Idea Lecture Outline Overview: Drawing from the Deck of Genes The ?blending? hypothesis popular 1800s This hypothesis proposes that genetic material contributed by each parent mixes in a manner analogous to the way blue and yellow paints blend to make green. With blending inheritance, a freely mating population will eventually give rise to a uniform population of individuals. Everyday observations and the results of breeding experiments tell us that heritable traits do not blend to become uniform. An alternative model: the ?particulate? inheritance proposes that parents pass on discrete heritable units, genes, that retain their separate identities in offspring. Genes can be sorted and passed on, generation after generation, in undiluted form.

AP Bio Reading Guide Answers CH 22-23

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Population genetics

Genetic drift

Allele frequency

Hardy–Weinberg principle

Balancing selection

Heterozygote advantage

Zygosity

Genetic variation

Microevolution

Chapter 23: The Evolution of Populations This chapter begins with the idea that we focused on as we closed the last chapter: Individuals do not evolve! Populations evolve. The Overview looks at the work of Peter and Rosemary Grant with Gal?pagos finches to illustrate this point, and the rest of the chapter examines the change in populations over time. As in the last chapter, first read each concept to get the big picture and then go back to work on the details presented by our questions. Don?t lose sight of the conceptual understanding by getting lost in the details! Overview The Smallest Unit of Evolution ?One misconception is that organisms evolve, in the Darwinian sense, during their lifetimes

AP Bio Reading Guide Answers CH 23

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Population genetics

Genetic drift

Allele frequency

Hardy–Weinberg principle

Balancing selection

Heterozygote advantage

Zygosity

Genetic variation

Microevolution

Chapter 23: The Evolution of Populations This chapter begins with the idea that we focused on as we closed the last chapter: Individuals do not evolve! Populations evolve. The Overview looks at the work of Peter and Rosemary Grant with Gal?pagos finches to illustrate this point, and the rest of the chapter examines the change in populations over time. As in the last chapter, first read each concept to get the big picture and then go back to work on the details presented by our questions. Don?t lose sight of the conceptual understanding by getting lost in the details! Overview The Smallest Unit of Evolution ?One misconception is that organisms evolve, in the Darwinian sense, during their lifetimes

biology 1

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Gene

Key Concepts ? Inherited traits are affected by genes. ? Genes are composed of the chemical deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). ? DNA replicates to form (usually identical) copies of itself. ? DNA contains a code specifying what types of enzymes and other proteins are made in cells. ? DNA occasionally mutates, and the mutant forms specify altered proteins. ? A mutant enzyme is an ?inborn error of metabolism? that blocks one step in a bio- chemical pathway for the metabolism of small molecules. ? Traits are affected by environment as well as by genes. ? Organisms change genetically through generations in the process of biological evolution. ? Because of their common descent, organisms share many features of their genetics and biochemistry. Key Terms

Pre-Ap Biology Study Guide

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Gene

DNA

Pre-AP Bio-C Final Review 4 2012-2013 Ch. 9, 10 & 12 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. (1 point) _____ occurs when pollen is transferred from the anthers of a flower to the stigma of either that flower or another flower of the same plant. a. Self-pollination c. Cross-pollination b. Auto-pollination d. Other-pollination ____ 2. (1 point) Mendel started his experiments with _____ plants, or plants that always produce offspring with a particular trait when they self-pollinate. a. True-breeding c. Same-breeding b. Cross-breeding d. Trait-breeding

Mendelian Genetics

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Mendelian inheritance

Zygosity

Phenotypic trait

Gregor Mendel Studied traits that occur in distinct forms. Developed true-breeding varieties When bred amongst themselves these plants produced offspring identical to the parent for that trait. Used mathematical analysis in his studies. Definitions Gametes: reproductive cells produced by sexually reproducing organisms. Two types: male gametes = sperm In plants: contained in pollen Female gametes = eggs In plants: contained in ovules which mature to seeds when fertilized Ovules contained in carpels Fertilization Fertilization: fusion of egg and sperm Self-fertilized: fusion of sperm and egg from same plant Cross fertilized: fusion of egg and sperm from two different plants Produced hybrids F1: first generation F2: second generation Mendel?s Model

Cambell biology 9th Edition Chapter 14 Test bank

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