Mendelian inheritance

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Genetic linkage

Complete linkage

Alfred Sturtevant

Homologous chromosome

genetic recombination

CHAPTER 15THE CHROMOSOMAL BASIS OFINHERITANCE Copyright ? 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Section A: Relating Mendelism to Chromosomes1. Mendelian inheritance has its physical basis in the behavior ofchromosomes during sexual life cycles2. Morgan traced a gene to a specific chromosome3. Linked genes tend to be inherited together because they are located on thesame chromosome4. Independent assortment of chromosomes and crossing over produce geneticrecombinants5. Geneticists use recombination data to map a chromosome?s genetic loci

Pearson Ch 14 - Mendel and Genes

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Monohybrid cross

Dominance

Ch 14: Mendel and the Gene Idea Overview: Drawing from the Deck of Genes What genetic principles account for the passing of traits from parents to offspring? The ?blending? hypothesis is the idea that genetic material from the two parents blends together (like blue and yellow paint blend to make green) The ?particulate? hypothesis is the idea that parents pass on discrete heritable units (genes) This hypothesis can explain the reappearance of traits after several generations Mendel documented a particulate mechanism through his experiments with garden peas Concept 14.1: Mendel used the scientific approach to identify two laws of inheritance Mendel discovered the basic principles of heredity by breeding garden peas in carefully planned experiments

Ap Bio. Chapter 14 Review

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Chapter 14 Mendel and the Gene Idea Overview: Drawing from the Deck of Genes What genetic principles account for the passing of traits from parents to offspring? The ?blending? hypothesis is the idea that genetic material from the two parents blends together (like blue and yellow paint blend to make green) The ?particulate? hypothesis is the idea that parents pass on discrete heritable units (genes) Mendel documented a particulate mechanism through his experiments with garden peas Concept 14.1: Mendel used the scientific approach to identify two laws of inheritance Mendel discovered the basic principles of heredity by breeding garden peas in carefully planned experiments Mendel?s Experimental, Quantitative Approach Advantages of pea plants for genetic study:

chapter 14 notes

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Chapter 14 Mendel and the Gene Idea Overview: Drawing from the Deck of Genes What genetic principles account for the transmission of traits from parents to offspring? One possible explanation of heredity is a ?blending? hypothesis The idea that genetic material contributed by two parents mixes in a manner analogous to the way blue and yellow paints blend to make green An alternative to the blending model is the ?particulate? hypothesis of inheritance: the gene idea Parents pass on discrete heritable units, genes Gregor Mendel Documented a particulate mechanism of inheritance through his experiments with garden peas Figure 14.1 Concept 14.1: Mendel used the scientific approach to identify two laws of inheritance Mendel discovered the basic principles of heredity

Genetics 1

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Mendelian Genetics All Materials ? Cmassengale? 1862 1868 1880 Genetic Terminology: Trait?- any characteristic that can be passed from parent to offspring Heredity?- passing of traits from parent to offspring Genetics?- study of heredity Alleles?- two forms of a gene (dominant & recessive) Dominant?- stronger of two genes expressed in the hybrid; represented by a?capital letter (R) Recessive?- gene that shows up less often in a cross; represented by a?lowercase letter (r) Genotype?- gene combination for a trait (e.g. RR, Rr, rr) Phenotype?- the physical feature resulting from a genotype (e.g. tall, short) Homozygous?genotype - gene combination involving 2 dominant or 2 recessive genes (e.g. RR or rr); also called?pure?

Patterns of Heredity

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health

Patterns of Heredity and Human Genetics Mendelian Inheritance of Human Traits Pedigree: a graphic representation of genetic inheritance A pedigree uses symbols that identify males and females, family relationships, individuals affected by a trait being studied. Carrier: an individual who carries a recessive trait that is not expressed (heterozygous) Simple Recessive Heredity Most genetic disorders are caused by recessive alleles. Cystic Fibrosis Most common fatal genetic disorder in US among people of European descent (1/28 carry, 1/2500 affected) Cells in respiratory and digestive system produce huge quantities of mucus Catch infections easily and suffocate Usually die before reach 20?s Tay-Sachs Disease

Chapter 10- Sexual Reproduction and Genetics Cont.

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Recessive

Hybrid

health

Chapter 10: Sexual Reproduction and Genetics Cont. MENDELIAN GENETICS -The parent generation known as the P generation -The offspring of this P cross is calle dthe first filial (F1) generation -The second filial (F2) generation is the offspring of the F1 cross -Mendel studied seven different traits: -Seed or pea color -Flower color -Seed pod color -Seed shape or texture -Seed pod shape -Stem length -Flower position GENES IN PAIRS -Allele -An alternative form of a single gene passed form generation to generation -Dominant -Recessive DOMINANCE -An organism with two of the same alleles for a particular trait is homozygous -An organism with two different alleles for a particular trait is heterozygous GENOTYPE AND PHENOTYPE

Mendelian Genetics

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